|
|
|
|
|
|
|
History Of Freemasonry In Ohio=
From 1791 to 1912 by W. M. Cunningham and John G. Reeves
THE HISTORY OF THE MOST WORSH=
IPFUL
GRAND LODGE
By W. M. CUNNINGHAM, M. A.,
VOLUME 1 Part II Copyright, 1914 By J. H. Brom= well Grand Secretary Cincinnati, Ohio
ERIE LO= DGE NO. 3 OF WARREN Erie Lodge No. 3 of Warren, Trumbull County, Ohio, was Number 47 on the roll of the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodg= e of Connecticut. The town of Warren was the seat of justice of that county, w= hich at that time comprised the whole of the Connecticut Western Reserve in the State of Ohio. The petitioners for the establishment of a = lodge at Warren as we are informed in the history of that lodge, quoted at some length herein, were residents of the various parts "of the Western Reserve." On October 19, 1803, a charter was granted = by the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Connecticut to the following Brethren to establish a lodge of Free and Accepted Masons at Warren: Samuel Tylee of Hubbard; Martin Smith; Tryal Tanner of Canfield; Camden Cleveland, Solomon Griswold, Aaron Wheeler; John Walworth of Cleveland; Charles Dutton of Youngstown; Arad Way; Gideon Headley of Cleveland; Ezekiel Hover; Turhand Kirtland of Poland; John Leavitt; William Rayen of Youngstown; George Phe= lps, James B. Root, James Dunscomb, Samuel Spencer, Joseph DeWolf, Daniel Bushnell, Calvin Austin and Asabe Adams. Brother Samuel Tylee, one of the petitioner= s, was sent as the representative of these Brethren to the Grand Lodge of Connecticut, at its meeting held in the city of New Haven in 1804, and up= on the granting of the petition for a charter without any preliminary probat= ion under a dispensation Brother Tylee was appointed by the Grand Lodge of Connecticut as a Deputy Grand Master "for the purpose of preceding to Warren" to constitute the new lodge "and install its officers." The charter was delivered to M.·. W.·. Brother Tylee, and soon after his return home, on the 16th of March, 1804 A. L. 9804 he with the pro term. officers of the Grand Lodge, appointed for that purpose from among the Brethren in attendance, went in procession to the room provided for the meeting of the new lodge and as Deputy Grand Master opened the lodge in the first three degrees of Masonr= y in proper form, and after due examination of the Brothers, who were proposed= by the petitioners as officers of the new ledge, to wit: Right Worshipful Turhand Kirtland, Master; Right Worshipful John Leavitt, Senior Warden; R= ight Worshipful William Rayen, Junior Warden; Calvin Austin, Treasurer; Camden Cleveland, Secretary; Aaron Wheeler, Senior Deacon; John Walworth, Junior Deacon; Charles Dutton and Arad Way, Stewards; Ezekiel Hoover, Tyler-and being fully satisfied with their character, skill, and qualifications for= the government of the lodge, they having also received the entire and unconditional consent of the members thereof, did by the authority given = him by the Grand Lodge of Connecticut, with the assistance of the Grand Offic= ers pro tem., constitute, consecrate, and solemnly install the said petitione= rs and their said officers by the name of Erie Lodge No.47, Ancient Free and Accepted York Masons, agreeable to the ancient usages, customs, and laws = of the Craft, under the protection and jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut. And now, having solemnly erected the lodge to God, and dedic= ated it to the holy Saints John, and being legally empowered as a lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, to work and act as such, in strict conformity to the ancient charges and laws of the Fraternity, the usual rites and ceremonies performed, and the honors paid the Grand Lodge, it, at 3:30 P. M., closed= in form, with great harmony." After three years' successful and harmonious existence under the jurisdiction of the M.·. W.·. Grand Lod= ge of Connecticut, Erie Lodge No.47, considering that greater benefit would arise to the Craft by the formation of a Grand Lodge for the State of Ohi= o, they, on the 11th of March, A. L. 5807, at their annual meeting, by a sol= emn vote of the lodge, appointed George Tod, John Leavitt, and William Rayen (three members thereof) a committee to correspond with the other lodges of the State on the subject. This committee, faithful to their trust, carried out the object of their appointment, and, at a meeting of the lodge held November 11, A. L. 5807, reported that they had received Communications in answer to theirs from lodges at Marietta, Cincinnati, Zanesville, and Chillicothe, relative to the formation of a Grand Lodge. When this report= had been delibererately considered the encouragement thereby afforded induced= the lodge to pass a resolution appointing Brothers George Tod and John W. See= ley delegates from Erie Lodge No.47 to meet delegates from other lodges within the State in convention to be held at Chillicothe on the first Monday in January, A. L 5808, and "confiding these our delegates full power in conjunction with the delegates from other lodges to institute a Grand Lod= ge and form a Constitution and Bylaws agreeable to the ancient landmarks, constitution, charges, and usages. Thus to Erie Lodge belongs the honor of being the first to suggest and first to take the initiative towards establishing the Grand Lodge of Ohio, a distinction of which it may well = he proud. The result of the movement suggested by the= Erie Lodge No.47 was the organization in convention of the M.·. W.&midd= ot;. Grand Lodge of Ohio as previously noted herein. "The proceedings of = this convention was, by the delegates from Erie Lodge, reported to its annual meeting held on the 9th of March, A. L. 5808, and unanimously approved, a= nd at a meeting held December 5th following, George Tod, Samuel Huntington, = and John II. Adgate were, by a unanimous vote of the lodge and by warrant of = the Right Worshipful Master and Wardens, appointed and empowered to represent= the lodge in the Grand Lodge at their Grand Communication to be held in Janua= ry thereafter. It was also resolved by the lodge, in compliance with a resolution adopted by the Grand Lodge, that the charter granted them by t= he Grand Lodge of Connecticut and the bylaws of the lodge be submitted to the care of the said representatives, to be surrendered to the Grand Lodge of Ohio under the regulation adopted by it, and receive in its stead a warra= nt of dispensation. All of which being done, and the same granted by the Gra= nd Lodge, and presented to n approved by Erie Lodge at its meeting March 23,= A. L. 5809." From 1809 until 1814 Erie Lodge No.47 worked under the dispensation issued by the Grand Lodge. of Ohio. At the Annul Communication of the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge of Ohio held at Chillicothe in 18l4, a charter was granted to Erie Lodge, dated at Chillicothe, January 5, A. D. 1814, A. L. 5814, and "constituting and appointing Samuel Tylee, Francis Freeman, Elisha Whittlesey, Seth Tracy, William W. Cotgreave, John Leavitt, and Calvin Austin, and their successo= rs forever, a regular lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, to be hailed by the name and title of Erie Lodge No.3." Samuel Huntington, a nephew of Governor Huntington, of Connecticut, a lawyer of the age of about thirty-five year= s, settled in Cleveland in 1801. He was a member of the first Constitutional Convention, the first State Senator of the county, then Trumbull, presided over that body, was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court in 1803, and was elected Governor of the State of Ohio in 1808. He resided at that time in= a blockhouse on Superior Street, in Cleveland, near where now stands the American House. In 1809 Governor Samuel Huntington was elec= ted and installed as M.·. W.·. Grand Master of Masons in Ohio to succeed General Rufus Putnam, the first Grand Master, whose infirmities incident to his advanced age caused him to decline service, as hitherto mentioned herein in his letter to the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge= . Brother George Tod, whose name occurs so prominently in Grand Lodge affairs, was the father of Governor David Tod. Brother George Tod was made a Mason in Erie Lodge in 1804 and "was elected Master of the lodge March 20, 1811. He was prominent in the effort made by the lodge to establish the Grand Lodge; was the secretary of the = convention at Chillicothe at which the Grand Lodge was organized; was its first Grand Senior Warden, to which office he was reelected for a number of years. He served the lodge in every capacity and in all its offices. He died April = 11, 1841. He was faithful in the discharge of his duties, public and private,= and a true, devoted Mason to the last." Many of the charter members of Erie Lodge w= ere members of the Connecticut Land Company, to whom belonged the Western Reserve. Thus it will be noted that whilst Massachusetts and Rhode Island Masons were the pioneers of the Southeastern part of the State, Connectic= ut Masons followed in the Northeastern, Masons of Pennsylvania in Central Oh= io, and New Jersey Masonic pioneers in the Southwestern part of the State. Among the eminent members of Erie Lodge non= e were more prominent than the Honorable Elisha Whittlesy, for many years an hon= ored member of the National House of Representatives from the Ohio congression= al district in which he lived. Always an active participant in Erie Lodge affairs, filling many of its offices, he was loved and esteemed by his Brethren as a just and upright Mason and was honored and respected by the community in which he lived to a ripe old age. In 1821 the Honorable Rufus Payen Spalding = was one of its initiates. In 1823 Edward Spear, Sr., an honored citizen in th= at part of the State, was made a Mason in Erie Lodge. His son, Edward Spear, Jr., in later years was very prominent in the Masonic affairs in that par= t of the State. Of the many other eminent Brethren who were numbers of Erie Lo= dge the limited space in this history prevents mention. The history of Erie L= odge and of Old Erie, its successor, which will follow the history of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, will contain biographical mention of many more of its hono= red member. The events that caused the Lodge to cease i= ts existence in 1828 are briefly stated as follows in its local history writ= ten in 1801: The prosperity an harmony that had prevaile= d in Erie Lodge until the close of 1828 then came to an end and a long period = of a darker aspect opens. "Seizing on an unfortunate circumstance which occurred in a neighboring State, aspiring political demagogues took= up the cry, and then, as now, pandering to the prejudices of the ignorant and uninformed for the purpose of gaining the honors and emoluments of office, raised an anti-Masonic tempest that, aided and encouraged by false Brethr= en who could readily make merchandise of their honor and sweep over the whole country. It is not however our intention to repeat the story of those tim= es, when to be an avowed Mason was sufficient of itself to brand the man with infamy and yet an allusion must be made to those days in reference to the= ir effect on the subject of which we are writing. Such exterminating zeal and wild fanaticism prevailed that in some towns where the lodges continued to meet, their rooms were broken into and their property publicly destroyed,= and such a defection of members who before were considered good and true, that even the really worthy could not maintain their Masonic position in an organized form without incurring the enmity of the public and social ostracism by the community in which they lived." "In obedience to public opinion, then = so inflamed, and concluding to let time, reason and calm judgement determine= the right, many of the lodges in Ohio and in most of the States ceased to wor= k as such. Some of them voluntarily surrendered their charters, some gave them= up on the call of the Grand Lodge, while others with colors still unfurled d= ied charter in hand. The charter of Eric Lodge No. 3 was consumed in 1833, wh= en the house of Brother Edward Spear was burned." A more extended resume of the events of the Morgan period will be given in this history between the years 1829 and 18= 35. On Wednesday evening, October 3, 1827, was = held the last regular meeting recorded of Erie Lodge. In 1828, however, the lo= dge was represented in Grand Lodge by Brothers Francis Freeman, Rufus P. Spalding, and Edward Spear, Sr. Early in 1854 "a number of the membe= rs of Erie Lodge No. 3, who were still living and still holding on to and cherishing and honoring the principles of Masonry, and having during all = the years of darkness aided and counseled each other, met at the home of one = of them, as they had continued to do, and agreed to petition the Grand Master for a dispensation to commence work. The Grand Master, M.·. W.·. Bro. William B. Dodds, was pleased to grant their prayer by issuing a warrant of dispensation dated June 2, 1854, to Richard Iddings, Jacob H. Baldwin, J. B. Buttles, W. H. Holloway, Henry Stiles, J. Rodgers= , H. Benham, Gary C. Reed, J. Veon, Benjamin Stevens, Edward Spear, John B. Harmon, Alexander McConnell, and H. McManus, under the title of Western Reserve Lodge." Another lodge having been given the name of= Erie during its dormant period, the name Western Reserve Lodge was given it in= the dispensation, but at the meeting of Grand Lodge on October 18, 1854, a charter was granted to the lodge under the name of "Old Erie No. 3, = its old number having been granted to the new lodge. Old Erie Lodge No.3 was constituted January= 30, 1855, and Edward Spear, Sr., was its first Worshipful Master, Among the prominent Masons of Old Erie Lodge may be mentioned the name of the Honor= able John F. Stull, president of the Ohio Masonic Home; and in the Grand Lodge, Past Grand Master M.·. W.·. Brother Carroll F. Clapp; in the Grand Council, Past M.·. I.·. G.·. M.·. Broth= er Wm. A. Spill. After its reorganization the first officers elected and installed under its charter November 20, 1855, were: Edward Spear, Sr., Worshipful Master; Charles B. Hunt, Senior Warden; Jacob H. Baldwin, Junior Warden; Henry Stiles, Treasurer; John M. Stiles, Secretar= y; William Green, Senior Deacon Edward Spear, Jr., Junior Deacon; Ebenezer H. Goodale, Tyler. After its many vicissitudes Old Erie No.3 i= s now one among the very prosperous lodges in the State; it occupies handsome apartments in the commodious Masonic Temple of Warren and is fully equipp= ed with all the requirements necessary in a Masonic lodge, and with its able officers and enthusiastic members its future prosperity is well assured.<= /p> As hitherto noted herein, a more complete h= istory of old Erie Lodge No. 3 is expected to follow, in its order, the history = of the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Ohio. NEW ENG= LAND LODGE NO. 4 New England Lodge No.4, of Worthington, Ohi= o, was chartered by the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge of Connecticut as Nu= mber 48 on the roll of that Grand Lodge, October 19, A. D. 1808. As stated in = the interesting Historical Sketch of New England Lodge, written by its Histor= ian, W. Brother O. W. Aldrich of Worthington, its charter was issued by the Gr= and Lodge of Connecticut, as informed by the Grand Secretary of that Grand Lo= dge, at the half-yearly Communication, October 19, 1803, to sundry Brethren who had formed a settlement on the River Scioto, State of Ohio, the lodge to = be holden in the town of Worthington; Worshipful and Reverend Brother James J Kilbourne to be the first Master. The lodge continued to work under this = charter until the convention called to meet at Chillicothe on the first Monday of January, 1808, to form a Grand Lodge. At that convention the lodge was represented by its Worshipful Master, the Reverend James Kilbourne, but f= or some reason, not now known his credentials were not deemed sufficient and= the lodge was not allowed a representation in the convention. At the first meeting of the Grand Lodge hel= d on January 2, 1809, New England Lodge was requested to join with the other lodges in the Grand Lodge, and to send its representatives to the next An= nual Communication. "At the next Annual Communication of t= he Grand Lodge in 1810, New England Lodge was represented by its Worshipful Master, the Reverend James Kilbourne, who was elected Junior Grand Warden= by the Grand Lodge and to which office he was re-elected in 1811." The lodge was represented at the Grand Lodg= e of Ohio under the Connecticut charter until its surrender to the Grand Lodge= of Ohio for a temporary dispensation; and at the Annual Communication of 181= 4, when it had thirty-five Master Masons and one Fellow Craft as members, it received a charter from the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Ohio, "wi= th the following Brethren as charter members: J. H. Hills, Jacob Norton, C. Barker, J. Kilbourne, Aaron Strong, Wm, Robe, J. Goodrich, and Charles Thompson." The officers of New England Lodge for the year 1814 were:= W. M., J. H. Hills; S. W., Jacob Norton; J. W., C. Barker; Treasurer, Joel Buttles; Secretary, William Robe; S. D., Cruger Wright; J. D., Chester Pi= nney; Steward and Tyler, Abiel Cross; with the following named numbers: Stephen Maynard, John Goodrich, Israel F. Case, Levi Pinney, Alexander Morrison, Samuel Wilson, Lincoln Goodale, Isaac Griswold, Noah Andrews, Ebenezer Goodrich, Roswell Tuller, S. G. Humphrey, Samuel Sloper, Charles Thompson, Ethan Palmer, E. Loddington, Job W. Case, Calvin H. Case, Samuel H. Mayna= rd, Hector Kilbourne, John Moore, Samuel Shannon, and O. Benedict, Master Mas= ons, and Peter Barker, a Fellow Craft." In 1813 the Reverend Brother James Kilbourn= e was elected Deputy Grand Master, and was re-elected in 1814. In 1813 Brother Ralph Osborn was appointed Grand Marshal. In 1815 Brother Chester Griswold was elected junior Grand Warden, and in 1816 he was elected Senior Grand Warden and G= rand Lecturer. In 1818 Chester Griswold was elected M.·. W.·. Gr= and Master of Masons in Ohio, and Brother John Snow was elected R.·. W.·. Senior Grand Warden and Grand Lecturer. In 1819 John Snow, who then was Master of N= ew England Lodge, was elected M.·. W.·. Grand Master, which position he held until the Grand Communication of 1824, and in 1829 he was again elected Grand Master and served one year as such. "In 1820 the present brick lodge build= ing was erected on a lot owned by John Snow, who in April, 1824, for the consideration of ninety-five dollars executed a deed conveying the lot wi= th its appurtenances to Jeremiah Morrow, as Governor of the State of Ohio, a= nd his successors, to hold the same for the use of the lodge and Horeb Chapt= er, for the uses and purposes named forever." The lodge continued to work through the anti-Masonic troubles, and was represented at every Annual Communication = of the Grand Lodge during that period (1828 to1842) except 1832 and 1833; although by reason of the persecution the number of its members was reduc= ed to nineteen in 1847. In fact, the lodge has been represented at nearly ev= ery session of the Grand Lodge until 1891. During the period of the greatest agitation= of the anti-Masonic fanatics, "the Brethren did not dare to hold their meetings in the lodge building, but following the example of our ancient Brethren held their meetings in the ravine near Chaseland, the better to observe the approach of cowans and eavesdroppers. One cause for the reduction in membership w= as the withdrawal in 1816 of a number of members to assist in the formation of O= hio Lodge No.30, now Columbus Lodge No.30. Among these Brethren was R.·= ;. W.·. Brother Lincoln Goodale, who served as Grand Treasurer from 1= 818 to 1831. In the years 1820 and 1830 the Annual Communications of the Grand Lodge were held in the lodge building in Worthington. For five years from 1838 to 1843 Brother Jo= hn Barney, W. Master of New England Lodge, served as Grand Lecturer. Within the first half century of its existe= nce the following Brethren served as Masters of the lodge, "although from the loss of the early volumes of the records, the exact date of their ter= ms can not always be determined," some of them, however, serving a numb= er of years each: The Reverend James Kilbourne, James H. Hills, Chester Griswold, A. Buttles, Daniel Upson, John Snow, James Pearce, Ira Metcalf, John Barney, George Taylor, and A. Bacon. From a membership of sixty-two in 1890 ther= e was a sudden increase from that number to ninety-one members in 1891. This increased membership was evidently promoted for a sinister purpose, as apparently the evidence in subsequent events, a brief mention of which, however, will only be made in this connection, necessary to an understand= ing of the affairs then existing in New England Lodge. A full history of the invasion of Cerneauism and its baleful influences for discord and rebelli= on will be given later in the history of this Grand Lodge, in the order of i= ts occurrence. In 1887 the M.·. W.·. Grand L= odge of Ohio, for the protection of its subordinate lodges and their members f= rom the impositions of the promoters of Clandestinism, declared the so-called Cerneau bodies to be "irregular, illegal, and un-masonic," and subsequently issued an edict prohibiting all Masons of its obedience from becoming members therein or promoting in any manner the interest of bodies declared by it to be Clandestine. In the meantime a number of the members of = New England Lodge had become members of the so-called Cerneau bodies - some of them, indeed, were its prominent promoters - which, with their sympathize= rs, gave them a majority in the lodge membership. In response to a mandate of Grand Master M.·. W.·. Brother Levi C. Goodale requiring their renunciat= ion of Cerneauism, at a meeting of New England Lodge No.4 in April, 1891, &qu= ot;a resolution was adopted declaring that New England Lodge renounced its allegiance" to the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge of Ohio and t= hat it "would act as an independent lodge." Being largely in majori= ty in officers and membership, the rebellious members immediately took possession of the lodge room, charter, and all other property of New Engl= and Lodge. As soon as advised of the situation, Grand = Master Goodale arrested the charter of the lodge and declared its rebellions mem= bers suspended from all of the rights and privileges of Freemasonry, subject to Grand Lodge action, and soon thereafter issued a dispensation to nine loy= al members of the lodge, empowering them to continue to work as New England No.4, until the following Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge in Octo= ber, 1891. The Proceedings of the Grand Lodge show that about April 28, 1891, twelve disloyal, suspended members or New England L= odge with three other Masons, members of a loyal lodge, entered into a conspir= acy to form a pretended (and Clandestine) Grand Lodge in the State of Ohio,&q= uot; and having carried out their intentions they were each expelled by the Gr= and Lodge. At the Communication of the Grand Lodge, in October, 1891, a duplicate charter was issued by the Grand Lodge of Ohio = to the loyal members of New England Lodge No.4, with the rank and precedence= to which the lodge was entitled in its charter surreptitiously withheld by t= he recalcitrant suspended members. The Brethren named in the mew charter were = D. C. Brand, G. W. Foster, C. S. Fay, F. F. Tuller, J. P. Thompson, A. S. Wood,= H. W. Wright, Thomas Wiley, and F. H. Wright. Brother H. W. Wright was Maste= r, F. F. Tuller, S. W., and George W. Foster, J. W. The suspended members having been in the majority, as before stated, retained possession of the lodge building, furniture, library and records, and, as stated, refused even to surrender= the old charter of 1814, as ordered by the M.·. W.·. Grand Mast= er. "There being no good place of meeting,= the lodge met only a few times each year until the spring of 1894. H. W. Wrig= ht having died, and a few other Brethren having been reinstated by the Grand Master, a special dispensation was granted in April, 1894, to elect new o= fficers, and in May of that year Brother F. F. Tuller was elected W. M. O. W. Aldr= ich S. W, and B. M. Weaver J. M. From this time the lodge has continued to me= et regularly and has been represented at every meeting of the Grand Lodge ex= cept the one in 1897. "In the fall of 1899, Horeb Chapter ha= ving released its rights in the lodge building to the lodge, a memorial was presented to the Hon. Asa S. Bushnell, Governor of the State, asking him = as the holder of the legal title either to take action at law as trustee to = oust the seceding Masons from the building or to make a deed conveying it to Brother R. M. Weaver as trustee for the lodge, and the Governor executed a deed to Brother R. M. Weaver as requested. "An action was begun by the suspended = and expelled members claiming to be the beneficiaries under the Snow deed, to cancel and set aside the deed." M.·. W.·. Brother Allen Andre= ws and W. Brother O. W. Aldrich, attorneys, having charge of the case in behalf = of the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge of Ohio, it carried through the courts until it reached the Supreme Court of Ohio, by which "it was decided that the loyal members were the proper beneficiaries under the de= ed made by John Snow to the Governor of Ohio." The brief of M.·. W.·. Brother Allen Andrews upon which the Supreme Court issued its decision is appended herewith as an interesting resume of the long contes= ted case. In September, 1907, the Clandestine lodge surrendered the property to its rightful owner, New England Lodge No.4, a= nd at the first stated meeting in October, 1907, the lodge held its first meeting in the old building since its surreptitious possession by the Clandestine body. Besides the Brethren who have been honored = with office in the Grand Lodge, a number of the Brethren of New England Lodge = have been prominent in Church and State, and also have held important position= s in other Masonic bodies. Among the number of its frequent visitors w= as the Right Reverend Bishop Philander Chase, a member of Mt. Zion Lodge and the founder of Kenyon College. M.·. W.·. Brother Chester Gri= swold, Past Grand Master, was a member of New England Lodge and was also Deputy Grand high Priest in the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Ohio. "In March, 1818, M.·. W.·= ;. Brother John Snow, a member of St. John's Encampment of Knights Templar at Providence, Rhode Island, M.·. W.·. Brother Thomas Smith We= bb, Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of the United States, and Frederick A. Curtis, a Sir Knight from Ireland, formed an Encampment of Knights Templar, which received a charter from the Grand Encampment of the United States on Jan.20, 1820, to be called Mt. Vernon Encampment No.1, w= ith precedence from June 6, 1818, and M.·. W.·. Brother John Sn= ow was the Commander of this body from its institution until 1830." He was also elected High Priest of Horeb Ch= arter in 1818 and remained in that office until 1822. He was also elected Grand Generalissimo of the General Grand Encampment of Knights Templars of the United States in 1820. At the time of the ordination of Mt. Vernon= Encampment in ISIS, Thomas Smith Webb became a member of New England Lodge by affiliation, and remained a member until his death in 1819. his monument = in a cemetery at Providence, Rhode Island, is carefully cared for by the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge F. & A. M. of the State of Rhode Island. This brief historical reference to New Engl= and Lodge No.4 is concluded with the "Brief" to the Supreme Court in its behalf in its contention with and victory over the rebellious faction that conspired for its destruction, viz IN THE = SUPREME COURT OF OHIO No.1027= 7 THE NEW= ENGLAND LODGE No. 4, ETC., ET AL., Plainti= ffs in Error, V. RUFUS M= .. WEAVER, TRUSTEE, ET AL., Defenda= nt in Error. BRIEF O= N BEHALF OF DEFENDANT IN ERROR Statement = of Case The plaintiffs in error, New England Lodge = No. 4, Free and Accepted Masons, and Horeb Chapter No. 3, Royal Arch Masons, on December 29, 1899, filed a petition in the Court of Common Pleas of Frank= lin County against the defendants in error, in which they alleged that on Apr= il - , 1824, John Snow and wife executed and delivered a deed for real estate = in Worthington to Jeremiah Morrow, the Governor of the State of Ohio, and to= his successors in office forever, in trust for their use and benefit, and that Asa S. Bushnell, Governor of Ohio, as trustee and successor to Jeremiah Morrow, fraudulently and unlawfully, without consideration and without authority, executed and delivered a pretended deed for the same real esta= te to the defendant, Rufus M. Weaver, as trustee for some persons unknown to= the plaintiffs. And that said Weaver, trustee, and his co-defendants, William= H. Halliday and Neville Williams, respectively auditor and recorder of Frank= lin County, were about to transfer the real estate on the records and have sa= id deed recorded, and that such action work place a cloud on plaintiffs' tit= le to said real estate. The prayer of the petition is for an injunction, enjoining the defendants from the transfer and record of the deed. (Recor= d, pp. 13, 14, and 15.) The defendant, Rufus M. Weaver, trustee, fi= les an answer in which be denies that the deed made by Snow and wife was for the= use and benefit of the plaintiffs; and in which he admits that Bushnell, Governor, executed and delivered the deed to the defendant as trustee, but denies that the same was so done fraudulently, unlawfully, and without consideration it and without authority. (Record, p.24.) Subsequently, John M. Pattison, Governor, w= as made a party to the record, and filed an answer in which he admitted his official capacity, but alleged that he had no knowledge as to the truth of the other matters contained in the petition, and therefore denied the sam= e. (Record, p 26.) The auditor and recorder filed no pleadings= . The case was tried on appeal in the Circuit= Court on April 10, 1906, and the court decreed in favor of the defendants, dissolving the temporary injunction theretofore granted and dismissing the petition, and rendering judgment for costs in favor of the defendants. (Record, p. 21, 22.) Motion for a new trial was filed. (Record, = p.28.) Motion was overruled, and a bill of excepti= ons, embodying all the evidence, was taken. (Record, pp 29 et seq.) THE CONTROVERSY, AND HOW IT AROSE The Masonic Fraternity is divided into seve= ral branches, among which are Ancient Craft Masonry and Capitular Masonry. The former is organized into lodges, of whi= ch there are many in the State of Ohio, and of which the grand governing bod= y is the Grand Lodge, stated, "The Grand Lodge of the Most Ancient and Honorable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Ohio,&qu= ot; which was created in 1809. The latter is organized into chapters, of w= hich there are a number in the State of Ohio, and the grand governing body of which is styled "The Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the State of Ohio." On the - day of April, 1824, John Snow and = wife deeded real estate in Worthington to Jeremiah Morrow, Governor of the Sta= te of Ohio, and his successors forever, in trust for the use and benefit of = New England Lodge No.4 and Horeb Chapter No.3. (Record, pp. 91, 92, and 93.)<= /p> New England Lodge No. 4 was created, consti= tuted, and chartered by the Grand Lodge in 1814,and therefore had been in existe= nce ten years when the trust deed was made, and continued in existence, acknowledging itself subordinate to the Grand Lodge and paying dues to the Grand Lodge and obeying its rules and regulations until 1891. Horeb Chapter No.3 was created, constituted= , and chartered by the Grand Chapter before the date of the deed above referred= to, and continued in existence, acknowledging itself subordinate to the Grand Chapter, paying dues to the Grand Chapter, and obeying its rules and nati= ons until 1891. A few years prior to the last dlate, in the opinion of the Grand Lodge and Grand Chapter, it was inimical to Masonry = for its members to join or affiliate with the society in Ohio known as the "Cerneaus," and these grand governing bodies passed a law or regulation prohibiting members of the Masonic Fraternity from joining or affiliating with the Cerneaus. In 1891 a majority of the members of New England Lodge No. 4 were dissatisfied with this legislation or provision = of the Grand Lodge, and accordingly introduced and passed in New England Lod= ge No. 4 certain preambles and resolutions reciting that the legislation and= regulation of the Grand Lodge had been unwise and wrong, and resolved that New Engla= nd Lodge then and there withdraw from the Grand Lodge and cease to hold any affiliations with it, and declared its purpose to thus remain independent= of the Grand Lodge until the latter should rescind the legislation and regulation thus condemned by the members of New England Lodge. (Record, p= p. 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, and 121.) Similar action was taken by Horch Charter N= o.3 many members of New England Lodge and Horeb Chapter No.3 remained loyal to the Grand Lodge and the Grand Chapter and did not participate in the preambles and resolutions of secession. Thereupon, the Grand Lodge and Gr= and Chapter respectively expelled from Masonic membership the majority of New England Lodge No.4 and Horeb Chapter No.3 who had thus seceded and declar= ed themselves independent, and these grand governing bodies being unable to = take up the old charters issued by themselves respectively to New England Lodge and Horeb Chapter for the reason that they were secreted from them and in= the possession of the seceders, issued new and substitute charters constituti= ng and creating anew the loyal members respectively as New England Lodge No.4 and Horeb Chapter No.3. (Record, pp. 51 and 56, and oral examination of witnesses; also Exhibits Nos.4 and 5; Record, pp. 126 to 138.) Thereupon, this lodge and this chapter requ= ested Governor A. S. Bushnell, as the successor of Jeremiah Morrow in said trus= t, to execute and deliver a deed to the defendant, Rufus M. Weaver, who was chosen by said bodies to act as their trustee in order that proper proceedings might be taken to recover the property which remained in the hands of the seceders, the Governor being unwilling to institute such proceedings. (Ex. "B," Record, p 94.) In the meantime the seced= ers continued to meet in the property and to act as a society under the name = of New England Lodge No.4, and the question is: Which of these two subordinate lodges, each styling itself Hew England Lodge No.4, and which of these two chapters, e= ach styling itself Horeb Chapter No.3, are the beneficiaries under the Snow d= eed, the seceders or the loyalists? We maintain the latter, and the Circuit Cou= rt so decreed. We claim that this question lies at the very threshold of the controversy. It is put in issue by the pleadings, and if the plaintiffs a= re not the beneficiaries named in the deed, they have no standing in curt. It is conceded by the parties that from the= dates of their organization up to 1891 New England Lodge No. 4 was subordinate = and under allegiance to the Grand Lodge, and Horeb Chapter No.3 was subordina= te and under allegiance to the Grand Chapter, each sending representatives to its respective governing body; and that on April 8, 1891, the former, and= on April 10, 1891, the latter, feeling a real or imaginary grievance, seceded from its grand governing body and declared itself free and independent, a= nd thereafter, each uniting with others in rebellion to the Grand Lodge and Grand Chapter, organized and set up in Ohio a Grand Lodge and a Grand Cha= pter in rivalry with the grand governing bodies to which they formerly yielded obedience. WE contend that when the voluntary society,= New England Lodge No.4, and the voluntary society, Horeb Chapter No.3, divide= d in 1891, the part, though a minority, which adhered to the laws, usages, principles, and government of the Grand Lodge and Grand Chapter, respectively, continued to be the beneficiaries of the Snow deed, and the plaintiffs, though a majority in membership, by their acts of secession a= nd their acting free and independent from their grand governing bodies in setting up organizations in rivalry to and with their grand governing bod= ies, ceased to be beneficiaries of the Snow deed, and therefore have no standi= ng in a court of equity in any dispute about the property. Bacon, in his work on "Benefit Societi= es and Life Insurance," states the general law regarding controversies in t= he civil courts concerning the property rights of religions and other societ= ies. The learned author points out three inquiries controlling such controvers= ies: (1) Is the property devoted by express term=
s to a
special trust? If the property is by express terms charged= with a trust, of course the courts will enforce the trust. If the property belongs to a society purely independent or congregational in its form of government, the majority of = its members control the use and disposition of the property, unless the laws = and rules of the society itself provide otherwise. If the society owning the property or funds= is, however, a subordinate part of a general organization "with establis= hed tribunals for ecclesiastical government, these tribunals must decide all questions of faith, discipline, custom, or ecclesiastical government.&quo= t; In such cases where the right of property i= n the civil court is dependent on the question of doctrine, discipline, ecclesiastical law, rule or custom or church government, and that has been decided by the highest tribunal within the organization to which it has b= een carried, the civil court will accept that decision as conclusive and be governed by it in its application to the ease before it. Bacon on Benefit Societies & Life Ins.,
Section 77 (1st. Ed.). We quote a portion of the syllabus: "Seceders from the Methodist Episcopal Church who have organized a separate conference and rejected the office of bishop are not entitled to any portion of the property of the society from which they seceded." 1st Presbyterian Society v. 1st Pres. Soc.,= 25 O. S., 125. In this case there was a church at Gallipol= is known as the First Presbyterian Society existing from 1828 to1855, and be= ing under the control of the Hocking Presbytery. In 1858 Bertha S. Tupper mad= e a will, which was probated August 15, 1855, in which she set apart the sum = of two thousand dollars to be invested "as a permanent investment for t= he use of the First Presbyterian Society." In 1856 a division arose and separate trustees were elected, the two organizations being known as the "Old School" and the "New School," the former adherin= g to the Rocking Presbytery, a larger organization exercising a supervisory government over it. The New School placed itself under the Athens Presbyt= ery and conducted itself as an organization independent of the First Presbyte= rian Society under the Hocking Presbytery. The question arose as to which was the beneficiary of the two thousand dollar legacy, and the court held in favo= r of the First Presbyterian Society known as the "Old School," which continued its allegiance and fidelity to the Hocking Presbytery. This court in deciding the case of Mannix v. Purcell, 46 O. S. 101, in traveling over this doctrine, on page 187, thro= ugh Owen, C. J., says: "It has been held that where a religio= us body becomes divided, and the right to the property is in conflict, the c= ivil courts will consider and determine which of the divisions submits to the Church, local and general. This division is entitled to the property. In determining which of the divisions has maintained the correct doctrine, t= he finding of the supreme ecclesiastical tribunal of the denomination in question is binding upon the civil courts." Altmann v. Berry or Benz, 27 N. J. Eq. 331.= In this case it was held. where certain mem= bers of a lodge withdrew from the jurisdiction Of the Grand Lodge, surrendered their charter, and formed a new ledge, adopting the same name, and other members remained loyal to the Grand Lodge, which delivered to them the surrendered charter, the lodge as constituted by such loyal members was entitled to the property of the society. The case cited is on all fours with the cas= e at bar. In the former case the seceding members surrendered the charter, whi= le they did not in the latter case; and the Grand Lodge delivered it to the loyal members, while in the latter case the Grand Lodge issued a substitu= te charter. But this variance in the fact does not make any difference in the principle. Schnorr's Appeal, 67 Pa. St. 138; 5 Am. Rep= . 415. It was here held that ‘the title to t= he church property of a divided congregation is in that part, though a minor= ity, which adheres to the ecclesiastical laws, usages, and principles of the d= enomination under which the church was constituted." Roshi's Appeal, 69 Pa. St. 462; 8 Am. Rep. = 275. It was held "that title and use of the property of a divided congregation and the offices pertaining thereto bel= ong to that portion which adhered to the denomination that conforms to its rule." A classic of the German Reformed Church of the United States, sitting as an ecclesiastical court, declare" certain offices held by defendants vacant; held, that this decision was binding on the courts. We quote the last portion of the syllabus in support of our contention that when the Grand Lodge decided that the plaintiffs in the case at bar were in violation of its laws and therefore expelled them from the Order of Masonry, and recognized the loyal members= as New England Lodge No.4 aud issued to them the substitute charter, it deci= ded the question at issue between the litigants in this case so far as the co= urts of the Masonic Fraternity could decide the question, and that such decisi= on is binding on the civil courts. 2d Lawson's Rights & Remedies, Section = 617, states the doctrine as follows: "Where property has been dedicated by = way of trust to the support of a specific religious belief, it is the duty of the courts to see that the property so dedicated is not diverted from this purpose. A severance of the connection of a church belonging to the ecclesiastical organization with a certain form of belief and church government is a violation of the trust on which its property is held, and= a diversion of it to a wrongful use which a court of equity will prevent.&q= uot; Watson v. Jones, 13 Wall. 679 (20 L. F. 666= ). This is an instructive case. The General As= sembly of the Presbyterian Church, which has supreme ecclesiastical domination throughout the United States over that body of worshipers, during the Civ= il War took pronounced views in favor of the Federal Government and against slavery. The Presbytery of Louisville, under whose immediate jurisdiction was the Walnut Street Presbyterian Church, adopted= and published a declaration and testimony against what is styled to be "= the enormous and heretical doctrine and practices which have obtained and been propagated in the Presbyterian Church of the United States in the last fi= ve years." This declaration denounced in severest terms the action of t= he General Assembly in the matters above mentioned ana declared their intent= ion to refuse to be governed in that connection by the General Assembly, and invited the co-operation of all members of the Presbyterian Church sharing their sentiment, in a concerted resistance to what they called the usurpa= tion of authority by the Assembly. The schism prevailed throughout the Presbyt= erian Church of Louisville and extended to the Synod of Kentucky until the divi= sion became serious. This schism reached the Walnut Street Church and led to a division and the selection of contesting trustees, ruling elders, and two pastors. The question finally reached the court as to which of the contes= ting organizations was entitled to the church property. The court held: (1) That trustees and elders of the Presbyt=
erian
Church held possession of the property for the use of the persons who by =
the
constitution, usages, and laws of the Presbyterian body are entitled to t=
hat
use. That II In order to defeat plaintiff's action it is= not necessary that we should establish the claim that the loyalists are the beneficiaries under the deed; it is sufficient to obtain a decree for the defendants if the seceders fail to establish themselves as the beneficiar= ies named in the Snow deed. It is a well-known maxim of the law "t= hat the plaintiff can not recover on rite weakness of defendants title, but o= nly on the strength of his own." Cincinnati=
V.
Hamilton Comity, 7 0. (1st pt.) 88, 98. This maxim does not apply only to the commo= n law action of ejectment, but equity recognizes the same principle under the different maxims in equity. Thus, it is said, the plaintiff must come i= nto court with clean hands, and that the plaintiff must do equity before he c= an receive equity at the hands of the court; and again, it is a well establi= shed requisite in all injunction proceedings that "the plaintiff must sho= w a clear legal or equitable right, for there can be no injury, either irreparable or otherwise, where there is not a clear violation of right." Beach on M=
odern
Eq., Sections 13-643. In this case the doctrine is couched in the=
se
words: Bausman v.= Kelley, 38 Minn. 197 (8 Am. St. Rep. 661). This was an action to remove a cloud upon t= itle and the court found the legal title was in the plaintiff, but that the defendant had purchased the land in good faith for value and under cover = of title and without notice of plaintiff's right, and the court had that the relief should not be granted without regarding the equitable claim of the defendant, and stated the doctrine for which we are contending, that the plaintiff "can not invoke equitable relief and at the same time insi= st that the court shall not regard any fact in the conduct or relations of t= he parties which may show his suit inequitable and against conscience."= Spangler v= . City of Cleveland, 43 O. S. 526. We quote the second syllabus: "The court will grant a perpetual inju= nction only when the party shows a clear right thereto." State v. M= cGlynn, 20 Cal. 233 (81 Am. Dec. 118). Without pursuing the facts of this long and interesting case, the doctrine for which we contend is expressed by Norto= n, Judge, on page 131 of American Decisions in these words: "But it is always an absolute objectio= n to the allowance of an injunction, * * * that the party seeking the injuncti= on has no title to or interest in the property, and no claim to the ultimate relief sought by the litigation; in other words, that the complaint shows= no equity." O'Conner v= . Corbett, 3 Cal. 370. In this case the plaintiff settled on a tra= ct of land belonging to the United States before the passage of the act permitt= ing its preemption. He was a mere trespasser, and it was held that he could n= ot enjoin another from entering on such land. In suits for injunction in which the same r= ule obtains as in suits at law, the plaintiff must assert title in himself, a= nd can not rely upon the weakness of his adversary's title. 10 Ency. of Plead & Prac. 946 and cases= there cited. How can it be said that this plaintiff, who= is a trespasser, can come into a court of equity and with unclean hands and in outrage of equity say: "It is true, that with force and arms we put = out the rightful tenants and are keeping them out, but then, we are in posses= sion, and we ask a court of equity to prevent the defendants from doing anything that will put a cloud on the title to the property which we wrongfully hold?" III INCORPORAT= ION It may he said that a corporation exists as= New England Lodge No.4, and that the plaintiff is such corporation. If this view of the case is to be urged upo= n the court it will lead to a dismissal of the plaintiff's petition with unerri= ng accuracy. For in this view of the case we have three distinct entities all styled New England Lodge No. 4, towit: First. New England Lodge No.4, the corporat=
ion. And we have no hesitation to claim with confidence that the third is the beneficiary society named in the Snow de= ed. The second can not be for reasons we have a= lready shown that it is in rebellion against the controlling society. Nor the fi= rst, because it was not in existence at the time the Snow deed was made. The corporation is either the same body men= tioned in the Snow deed, in which event the incorporation adds no strength to its entity, or it is a different society, in which event it is not entitled to claim anything under the Snow deed. We are not unmindful that churches, lodges,=
and
societies may be incorporated in Ohio under Sections 3240 and 3241 of the
Revised Statutes, but such incorporations would not enable the corporate =
body
to determine who are and who are not the beneficiaries under the Snow dee=
d. Keyser v.
Stansifer, 6 O. 360. The authorities cited, and especially the l= atter case, which is a lengthy one, point out with great clearness the distinct= ion, in case of incorporation, between the incorporated body and the unincorporated body, and define the limited authority of the corporation = over trust estates settled for the benefit of the unincorporated society. IV SIMPLE TRU= ST We claim that New England Lodge and Horeb C= hapter purchased the real estate from John Snow, and paid a valuable considerati= on therefor, and that the deed was made to Jeremiah Morrow, Governor, and his successors in office, for the sole purpose of creating a simple or dry tr= ust whereby the legal title might vest in a deathless grantee, the official occupant of the Governor's office, for the benefit of the lodge and chapt= er. This plan was adopted for no other purpose than because it was thought to= be the most convenient one to hold the legal title for the benefit of an unincorporated society. The deed was in the ordinary form and clearly sho= ws on its face that the trustee had no duty whatever except to hold the legal title. In all such cases the trustee holds for the benefit of the cestui = qua trust, and on demand of the latter it is the duty of the former to convey= the legal title to the beneficiary, or to such person as the beneficiary may nominate. On the law of simple trusts we submit the following: A simple trust is defined: "A confiden= ce not issuing out of land, but as a thing collateral annexed in privity to the estate of the land, and to the person touching the land, scilicet, that cestui que trust should take the profit, and the terre tenant should exec= ute an estate as he should direct." Coke-Lit. = 272b. "A simple trust is where property is v= ested in one person, upon trust for another, and the nature of the trust not be= ing prescribed by the settler, is left to the construction of law. In this ca= se, the cestui que trust has jus habendi, or the right to be put in actual possession of the property, and jus disponendi, or the right to call upon= a trustee to execute conveyances of the legal estate, as the cestni que directs." 1 Lewin on= Trusts, Section 18. "A simple trust is a simple conveyance= of property to one, upon trust for another, without further specifications or directions. In such case, the law regulates the trust, and the cestui que trust has the right of possession and of disposing of the property, and he may call upon the trustee to execute such conveyances of the legal estate= as are necessary." 1 Perry Tr= usts, Section 18. "Trusts are divided into simple or pas= sive, and special or active. A simple trust is one where property is vested in = one person upon trust for another; the nature of the trust not being expresse= d, the law regulates it, and the cestui que trust having the right of possession, and of disposing of the property, may at any time call upon t= he trustee to make the necessary conveyances." Flint on T= rusts, Section 3. Lewin stat= es the law in the following language: "With respect to a simple trust, as the trustee is the mere passive depository, he can in equity neither take any part of the profits, nor exercise any dominion or control over the corpus, except at the instance of the cestui que trust." 1 Lewin, p= age 575. In speaking of the duties of trustees in ca= ses of simple or dry trusts, Berry says: "If such trustees refuse from improper motives to convey the dry legal title when required by a person clearly entitled to the equitable interest, the court will decree a conveyance and impose costs upon trustees for their refusal." 2 Perry on=
Trusts,
Section 520. It was, therefore, the right of the benefic= iaries under the Snow deed to choose Rufus M. Weaver as their trustee and to req= uest the Governor to convey to him, and the deed made under such request is a lawful one, and plaintiffs have no right to complain. We, therefore, respectfully submit that the
judgment of the Circuit Court should be affirmed. Andrews, Harlan & Andrews, Per Allen An=
drews, The important connection of the foregoing w= ith Masonic interests in the future, and its interesting features as a part of Grand Lodge History, will doubtless sufficiently explain its incorporation herein and excuse the space used therefor. LODGE O= F AMITY OF ZANESVILLE, OHIO This was No.105 on the roll of the Grand Lo= dge of Pennsylvania and is No.5 on the roll of the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge of Ohio. At a Communication of the M.·. W.&mi= ddot;. Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, held on June 24, 1805, a warrant was granted "to the Lodge of Amity" No.105 to be held at Zanesville, Ohio. Lewis Cass was named as its Worshipful Master; William Smyth, Senior Ward= en, and Peter Fuller, Junior Warden. Owing to the difficulties of communicati= on at that period the Lodge of Amity was not constituted until in 1806. The date upon which constituted is not know= n, its first meeting of record was held September 20, 1806. A set of jewels was presented to the lodge by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. At this meeting September 26, 1806 those pr= esent were William Smyth, Senior Warden; Levi Whipple, Junior Warden; Isaac Van Home, Treasurer; William Raynolds, Secretary; Pallid Convers, Senior Deac= on, and Ebenezer Buckingham, a visitor, as Junior Deacon. In the absence of t= he W.·. M.·. W. Brother Lewis Cass, the Secretary, Brother Wil= liam Raynolds, acted as Worshipful Master, and in the absence of the Tyler, Brother Daniel Converse acted as such, in addition to his ditties as Seni= or Deacon. The interesting history of the Lodge of Ami= ty, by J. Hope Sutor, states that at this meeting it was Resolved, That three funds be by this lodge established, to-wit: a contingent fund, domestic charity fund, and grand charity fund. Resolved, That all moneys arising from mont= hly contributions admissions, or initiations be and the same is hereby constituted a continent fund. Resolved, That such moneys as arise from ex= tra meetings and voluntary contributions be a domestic charity fund. Resolved, That such moneys as are collected= for our quarterly fees be a grand charity fund, and that the Secretary be directed to keep separate books for the purpose, that the lodge may at any time, upon examination, know the state of the funds. Friday on or before the full moon was the n= ight of meeting. The fee for initiation was seventeen dollar= s, and one dollar to the Secretary; and for membership eight dollars to the lodge and one to the Secretary. Every member was required to pay fifty cent= s at each stated meeting, and in addition seventy-five cents every three month= s. In relation to the interesting incident of = the presentation of a set of jewels by the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodg= e of Pennsylvania to the Lodge of Amity of Zanesville, it is stated: These jewels are still in possession of the lodge, although their use has long since been abandoned. As but few of the members have ever seen them, a description of these relies will be attemp= ted. The Past Master's jewel consists of the com= passes extended seventy degrees on an arc, and within the space thus formed a br= azen sun; the jewel is similar in design to the one now worn by Brethren of th= is distinguished rank, and is a very handsome piece of workmanship. The squa= re, level, and plumb are cut from a thin sheet of silver, of about the thickn= ess of heavy sheet tin, and a casual observer would doubtless mistake them for pieces of that base metal, as they bear no ornamentation except a very si= mple line around the edges. The Deacons' jewels are similar in characte= r to the foregoing, being simply equilateral triangles with-out any device or ornamentation. The Treasurer and Secretary's badges partak= e of the character of the Past Master's, being handsomely designed and engrave= d; the former consists of two very nicely, executed keys, crossed; the latter two well cut pens, crossed, to the nibs of which are fastened art open bo= ok. Each jewel is solid silver, engraved 'No.10= 5' and bears the manufacture's stamp 'W. Gethen'. Of the installation of officers in 1807 it = is stated that at an extra lodge "held January 20th there were present Isaac Van Horne, Master pro tern., Brothers Whipple, Raynolds, Smyth, Convers, and Benjamin Tupper of No.1. After a short consultation, Brother= s Smyth and Convers withdrew; Brother Smyth, who was to be installed Master of the lodge and Brother Convers not being a Past Master, A Past Master's lodge = was then opened and Brother Smyth duly installed and proclaimed, after which = the remaining officers were inducted to their stations and places." Of the next meeting it is stated that on Fe= bruary 20th "the lodge was closed early, as several Brethren were present f= rom the other side of the river and there was the greatest probability of the= ice breaking very shortly." August 2nd there were seven members and five visitors present. Brother Cass produced two letters addressed to him, one from Erie Lodge No.47, the other from Scioto Lodge No.2, on the subject of establishing a Grand Lodge in the State of Ohio, whereupon it was unanimously. Resolved, That this lodge coincide in opini= on with the lodges of Chillicothe and Erie upon the subject of establishing a Grand Lodge within this State, and that a committee of three members, to = wit, Brothers Van Horne, Cass, and Worshipful Master (Levi Whipple), be appoin= ted, who are authorized to take any steps which they may consider necessary in order to carry into effect the co-operation of this lodge. Resolved, That a deputation of two suitable members be appointed by this lodge to meet at Chillicothe, on the 1st of January next, for the purpose contemplate by the foregoing resolution, and that they be vested with ample powers to represent this lodge in the Grand Convention. At the meeting of September 11th it was ord= ered that a record of the letters received from the Erie and Chillicothe Lodge= s be made, together with the replies thereto, "that posterity may know how and when a Grand Lodge of the State of Ohio was formed. December 11, 1807, the Worshipful Master presented a letter from the former Master William Smyth, stating that Bro= ther George A. Baker, Grand Secretary, was the proxy of Lodge No.105 in the Gr= and Lodge of Pennsylvania. At this meeting the semiannual election was held, = and on December 28th installation occurred. August 25, 1808, the Secretary was instruct= ed to "have warned in such of the Master Masons as may be within Masonic cabletow to meet at the lodge room, for purposes to be then and there made known." This "extra lodge" was called at the instance of Brothers Converse and Lewis, to be advanced to the fourth and fifth steps. Brothers Ichabod Nyc and Benjamin Tupper, of Lodge No.1, were present, the former presiding. The applicants were accordingly duly prepar= ed and passed the chair, and also received the benefit of a Mark Master, or fifth (?) degree of Masonry; acknowledging not only their gratitude for the fav= ors conferred on them by the fourth degree, but thanks for the information ho= w, when and where, in future, they may receive their wages as Mark Masters.<= /p> January 2, 1809, the first Grand Communicat= ion of the Grand Lodge was held, and the charter and bylaws of the Lodge of Amity were presented by its representatives, but four lodges having appeared, Warren, Zanesville, Chillicothe, and Cincinnati. The Grand Lodge of Ohio was regularly organ= ized as hitherto stated, and on January 26,1809, the Grand Master issued a dispensation to the Lodge of Amity, the original of which is still preser= ved in excellent condition. It reads as follows: Samuel Huntington, Most Worshipful Grand Ma= ster of the Right Worshipful Grand Lodge of Ohio, to the Worshipful Master, Wardens, Subordinate Officers, and Brethren of the Lodge of Amity No. 105, held at Zanesville, in Muskingum County and State of Ohio, or within five miles of the same, sendeth Greeting. Whereas, The Lodge of Amity No.105, having surrendered her charter obtained from the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, conformably to the rules and orders of the convention of lodges held at Chillicothe on the 8th day of January, A. D. 1808, and of Masonry 5808, h= as became entitled to a new charter from the Grand Lodge of Ohio; And, whereas, it is for the benefits of Mas= onry that no interruption should take place in the assembling of Masons hereto= fore within the jurisdiction of the Lodge of Amity No.105, I have, therefore, = by virtue of the powers and authorities vested in me by the Right Worshipful Grand Lodge of Ohio, granted this, my dispensation, to the Master, Warden= s, Subordinate Officers, and Brethren of the Lodge of Amity No.105, hereby authorizing and empowering them to continue their assembling as heretofor= e at Zanesville, Muskingum County, or within five miles of the same, to admit = and make Free Masons according to the most ancient and honorable custom of the Royal Craft in all ages and nations throughout the known world, and not contrariwise; to elect and install their officers according to ancient us= age; and to make such rules, bylaws, and regulations as they may deem expedient for the good of the Craft and the government of said lodge, contravening = none of the ordinances of the Grand Lodge of Ohio. This Dispensation to be in force until a re= gular Warrant or Charter can be made and granted to said Lodge of Amity No. 105= by the authority of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, provided always that the Brethr= en of the Lodge of Amity No. 105 shall pay due respect to the Right Worshipf= ul Grand Lodge of Ohio, and the rules and ordinances thereof, otherwise this Dispensation to be of no force or effect. Given under the hand of the Most Worshipful= Grand Master, countersigned by the Grand Secretary and sealed with his private seal, this 26th day of January, A. D. 1809 and of Masonry 5809. SAMUEL HUNTINGTON Henry Brush, The first meeting of the lodge under author= ity of the Grand Lodge of Ohio occurred February 24, 1809, at which were present Brothers Levi Whipple, W. M.; Daniel Convers, S. W.; William Burnham, J. = W. pro tern.; William Raynolds, Secretary pro tem., and Brothers Benoni Peir= ce and Robert Oliver of Lodge No.1. The bylaws were amended by reducing the admission fees to two dollars and the meeting fees to twenty-five cents, = and it appears from the ledger that all who had paid the higher fees were credited with the excess "by reduction." Brother Burnham's application for membershi= p was received. The Dispensation from the M.·. W.&mi= ddot;. Grand Master having been read, Brother Raynolds was directed to write to = the Grand Secretary requesting him when the Charter is made out to have the s= ame express the places where the Lodge of Amity is to sit, that is to say, at Zanesville and Springfield (afterwards known as Putnam) annually, alternately, agreeably to our original Charter. On March 31, 1809, it was "ordered tha= t the Lodge of Amity do meet on the next lodge night at Brother Burnham's in Sp= ringfield, and there to continue to sit for one year from this date." The Secre= tary was instructed to notify the Brethren and to state that "at that time Brother Peirce expects to take one step at least in Masonry." Brother Burnham, who was admitted a member at this meeting, was a Captain in the Revolutionary Army, and an associate with Putnam and Tupper in the format= ion of American Union Lodge at Marietta, of which he was Steward for many yea= rs, a position he also held for many years in the Lodge of Amity. "He ca= me to Springfield in 1808 and opened a public house on the corner of Musking= um and Putnam Avenues. The building was of brick, three stories in height, a= nd was the first structure of the kind erected in this portion of the State; here it was that the lodge held its first meeting in Springfield, on April 28th, when the lodge conferred the Fellow Craft's degree upon Brother Ben= oni Peirce." In January, 1810, Brothers Raynolds and Con= vers represented Amity Lodge in Grand Lodge. At this meeting of the Grand Lodge Brother Lewis Cass was elected Grand Master; Brother Convers, J. G. D.; a= nd Brother Raynolds was named as one of a committee from each lodge to "take into consideration the Constitution and Bylaws of the Grand Lo= dge during the recess, and report at the next Grand Communication such amendm= ents as were deemed expedient." On December 27, 1810, the officers were ins= talled by Grand Master Lewis Cass. Twenty three members and twenty visitors were= in attendance. "Being attended with suitable music the lodge formed a procession and proceeded to the representative chamber (Zanesville was th= en the Capital of Ohio) ; after singing and prayer by the Reverend William Jones, an elegant and appropriate oration was delivered by Brother Lewis Cass, R.·. W.·. G. M. The lodge then formed a procession and proceeded to Brother B. Peirce's, where they partook of an elegant dinner, after which the procession was again formed and proceeded to the lodge room." Brother Benjamin Rough was Secretary of Sta= te, and affiliated with the lodge, March 8, 1811. During the continuance of t= he seat of government at Zanesville the meetings of the lodge were attended = by many Brethren eminent in Ohio's history; State officers, judges, and memb= ers of the General Assembly partook of the refreshments which were so lavishly provided at the lodge meetings of that period. On January 15, 1812, a cha= rter was issued to the Lodge of Amity, a copy of which is given herewith as its quaint phraseology will doubtless he appreciated. It is engrossed with a = pen, on a large sheet of parchment, and a copy of its text was procured only a= fter a tedious application of chemicals to restore the faded ink. TO ALL = THY FRATERNITY Grand Lodge Seal Impressed on an eight- poi= nted star. "To whom these presents shall come. The
Grand Lodge of the most ancient and honorable society of Free and Accepted
Masons of the State of Ohio, send Greetings. Low. Cass, "Therefore know ye that we, the Grand =
Lodge
of Ohio, reposing special trust and confidence in the prudence and fideli=
ty
of our beloved Brethren of said Lodge of Amity, in pursuance of the said
ordinances and laws have granted and by these Presents Do grant unto the
Brethren of said Lodge and their successors our full power and authority =
to
convene as Masons within the Town of Zanesville, in the county of Musking=
um,
Ohio, aforesaid, and as heretofore they were wont when assembled to recei=
ve
and Enter Apprentices, pass Fellow Crafts and raise Master Masons upon the
payment of such compensation as may be determined by this Grand Lodge, al=
so
to make choice of a Master, Wardens and other office-bearers annually, or
otherwise as they shall see cause, to receive and collect funds for the
relief of poor and Distressed Brethren, their Widows and Children, and in
general to transact all matters relating to Masonry which may to them app=
ear
for the Good of the Craft according to the ancient usages and customs of
Masons. And We do hereby require the said Lodge of Amity to attend the Gr=
and
Lodge at their Annual Communications and other meetings by their Master a=
nd
Wardens, or by proxies Regularly appointed, also to keep a fair and regul=
ar
record of all their proceedings and to lay them before the Grand Lodge wh=
en
required. And we do enjoin upon our Brethren of the said Lodge that they =
In Testimony Whereof, we the Grand Master, =
Deputy
Grand Master and Grand Wardens, by virtue of the power and authority to us
committed have hereunto set our hands and caused the seal of the Grand Lo=
dge
to be affixed at By Order of the Grand Lodge The Brethren retain the privilege granted by their former charter of meeting either on the Zanesville or Springfield (= now Putnam) side of the river." During the War of 1812 the meetings of the = Lodge of Amity were but few and were poorly attended. Prominent among those who fell in the war was Captain Benoni Peirce, who was killed at the battle of Mississinewa River, December 19, 1812. "Amity Lodge and the Grand Lo= dge made liberal donations to his widow." In 1813 the Hon. Alexander Har= per, subsequently prominent as a Mason, jurist, and statesman, was made a Maso= n in "Amity." In 1814 Brother Isaac Van Horne, a Revoluti= onary soldier and a Past Master of a lodge in Pennsylvania, whose name appears = so frequently in the early Grand Lodge records, was elected Worshipful Maste= r of the lodge, and his address to the lodge in acknowledgment of the honor conferred, is a gem in its way and is therefore quoted herewith. "O= fficers and Brethren of the Lodge of Amity No.5: "As this is the first opportunity I ha= ve had, since my elevation to the chair, to acknowledge the obligations I am under for your distinguished partiality toward me, permit me to address y= ou in a few words. As my election was unsolicited, and unexpected, it was the more grateful to my feelings. I view it as the harbinger of returning har= mony and Brotherly love, so essential in a lodge of Masons. The time has been = when this lodge, notwithstanding the differences of its members on political a= nd other subjects, maintained, as well in the lodge as out of it, the utmost harmony. The causes of its interruption and the effects produced by it wo= uld be invidious to attempt to point out; let it be buried in oblivion or remembered only to guard against the unruly passions, the source of all m= oral evil. Without a critical examination of the constitution of our order, let it suffice to observe that conscientious Masons view the obligations of the Craft as designed to inculcate and enf= orce all the social and moral duties, which we owe to each other, and all those habits which have a tendency to ennoble the man, and the Christian. A good Mason will be diligent in the exerci= se of his lawful profession, quiet and chaste in his demeanor, peaceful and obedient to the ruling power, and submissive to the dispensations of Providence. Whoever seriously contemplates the extension and blessed influence which the principles and practice of our venerable institution diffuse through life, will be irresistibly led to pronounce it calculated= for the glorious purpose of advocating and assisting the cause of humanity, wherever it exists; it is an art happily modeled with the great design of uniting the understanding and the hearts of all the men, whatever be their various opinions on political or religious subjects, in all nations. Let = us then shun contention and forgive injuries; act friendly toward each other, orderly, just and merciful, and to these virtues add charity, which is the essence and soul of our ancient and amicable order. "These sentiments are not to be unders= tood to apply to any member or members of this lodge, or to exculpate myself; = they are dictated by the purest of motives to admonish all to be on their guard against injurious impressions, which may be hastily adopted without due consideration, against those with whom we may happen to differ in opinion= on the subjects before alluded to." Justly pro-eminent among the honored names = on the roll of the Lodge of Amity is that of its first Worshipful Master, General Lewis Cass, who was not only a Grand Master of Masons in Ohio, but later = in life was also the Grand Master of Masons in the State of Michigan. Of him= it is appropriately said in the History of "Amity:" "Lewis Cass was the second attorney who located at Zanesville, and was the first Prosecutor of Muskiugum County. = He was United States Marshal of Ohio for several years; a number of the committee of the Ohio Legislature to investigate the Burr Conspiracy; the first American soldier to step on British soil after the declaration of w= ar, in 1812; taken prisoner at Hulls surrender, and broke his sword rather th= an surrender it; was commissioned Brigadier General; in October, 1813, was appointed Governor of Michigan; in 1817 concluded a treaty with the India= ns, which John C. Calhoun, then Secretary of War, pronounced the most importa= nt treaty hitherto made with the Indians; served as Secretary of War under President Jackson six years, and represented the United States at Paris f= or a similar period; on his return to the United States was elected Senator fr= om Michigan, which he resigned upon his nomination for the Presidency, a distinction he would have attained but for the personal hostility of Van Buren; became Secretary of State in Buchanan's Cabinet, 1857, but resigne= d at the beginning of the Civil War, and died June 17, 1866, aged eighty-four years." He was made a Mason in American Union Lodge= No 1, Marietta, Ohio, and. his petition, still on file in that lodge, reads as follows: "To the Right Worshipful, the Master, Wardens, and Members of American Union Lodge No. 1: I, Lewis Cass, beg to be admitted to the sa=
cred
mysteries of Freemasonry, if thought worthy. Another distinguished citizen made a Mason = in the Lodge of Amity was R.·. W.·. Brother the Hon. David Spangle= r, who subsequently removed to Coshocton, where he died in 1856. Of another eminent Brother, Dr. Calvin Cona= nt of Putnam, who was Worshipful Master the second time in 1820, it is related = that about 1820, when a silver craze was created by the reputed discovery of t= hat metal at Chandlersville, he was chosen president of the company formed to develop the mine, Upon one occasion, while the men were at work in the sh= aft, the machinery employed in elevating the buckets became disordered, and the loaded bucket descended, threatening death to all below. With a heroism seldom excelled, the Doctor endeavored to arrest the beam by bracing hims= elf behind a piece of timber to receive the blows from the rapidly revolving "sweep;" all through repeatedly felled to the earth by the blow= s, he as frequently interposed his body to save the lives of the men below a= nd succeeded. The prostration incident to the act, and the injures received, were supposed eventually to have occasioned his decease. He was the Maste= r of the Lodge of Amity, and subsequently one of the originators and Master of LaFayette Lodge No.79. "On June 28, 1822, in a class of five initiated as Entered Apprentices was the afterwards celebrated Thomas Col= e, the painter of the 'Course of Empire,' the 'Voyage of Life,' etc., and of whom William Cullen Bryant said in his funeral oration "he 'had a fi= xed reputation and was numbered among the men of whom our country has reason = to be proud.'" In 1823, it is said, Brother James Caldwell= , the father of our late R.·. W.·. Brother John D. Caldwell, beca= me Worshipful Master of the lodge of Amity. "Brother Caldwell came from Baltimore, Md., where he married; while enjoying his bridal tour he was captured by the British and held a prisoner on the man-of-war with Franci= s S. Key, during the bombardment of Fort McHenry, Baltimore, at which time the latter wrote the 'Star Spangled Banner,' and presented a copy to Mrs. Caldwell." Prior to 1830 and later, in many Jurisdicti= ons it was customary to have refreshments at each stated communication of the lo= dge. The Steward's bill reported at a meeting held September 26, 1820, "enumerating four pounds of cheese, two gallons of cider, and one do= llar and seventy-five cents' worth of cakes and crackers." Many of their collations, however, were of a more sumptuous character. The use of intoxicating liquors being permissible, "the hours of refreshment&qu= ot; were sometimes, although doubtless seldom, permitted "to be converted into excess," and in 1831, at a communication held February 25th, it= was "resolved that refreshments at communications be discontinued for the future." The anti-Masonic craze, which had its commencement in the S= tate of New York in 1826, did not reach Ohio until a few years later. In 1831 = its influence began to be felt in Grand Lodge, and but thirty-five subordinate lodges were represented in Grand Lodge. The representation continued to become reduced each year until in 1837, when but seventeen subordinate lo= dges were represented in Grand Lodge, as will be further noted herein. During = this period the Lodge of Amity was continuously represented in Grand Lodge and maintained its organization intact throughout the disturbed period. In 18= 35 Brother George L Shinnick, a Past Master of Amicable Lodge No.25 of Baltimore, Maryland, became a citizen of Zanesville and affiliated with t= he Lodge of Amity. On account of his Masonic ability and sterling qualities = he soon became a leader in its affairs, and his conservative influence was s= oon felt as a potent factor in the prosperity of "Amity." The limit= of this history will not permit the enumeration of the many eminent Brethren= who have been members of or who have been made Masons in the Lodge of Amity, = of whom, however, further mention will be made in the subsequent history of = the subordinate lodges of Ohio. In this, however, it would not be pardonable = to omit the name of our late genial and lovable Brother R.·. W.&middo= t;. John D. Caldwell, a native of Zanesville, who was made a Mason in Amity Lodge, August 2, 1844, and who later in life served twenty-seven years as Grand Secretary of the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge of Ohio. He wa= s also Grand Secretary of the three other State Grand Bodies for several years, = and was nine years Grand Recorder of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templars= of the United States, and Grand Secretary of the General Grand Chapter of Ro= yal Arch Masons of the United States. The Lodge of Amity has but recently been further honored by the advancement through the offices Of the Grand Lodge= of M.·. W.·. Brother C. S. Hoskinson of Zanesville, to the hon= ored position of Grand Master of Masons in Ohio. SCIOTO LODGE NO. 2 Now Number= 6 on the roll of the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge of Ohio. This lodge was constituted under a charter from the M.·. W.·. Grand Lo= dge of Massachusetts dated November 22, 1805, with Colonel Thomas Gibson, Aud= itor of the Territory, as Worshipful Master; Brother Jarvis Cutler, Senior War= den, and Nathaniel Willis as Junior Warden. In 1808 Brother William H. Puthuff succeeded Brother Thomas Gibson as Worshipful Master. At the convention h= eld at Chillicothe, January 4, 1808, for the purpose of organizing a Grand Lo= dge, Scioto No.2 was represented by Brother Thomas Gibson and Elias Langham, b= oth designated as Royal Arch Masons. At this convention five of the members of Scioto Lodge No.2 were elected by ballot as officers of the proposed Grand Lodge: Henry Massie as Grand Treasurer; Philemon Beecher, Grand Senior Deacon; Levin Belt, Grand Junior Deacon; Charles Augustus Steuart,* Grand Marshal, and Peter Spurck, Grand Tyler. At the first meeting of the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge of Ohio, held in accordance with its = organization in convention at Chillicothe, January 2, 1809, the above named Brethren w= ere in attendance as Grand Lodge Officers, with W. Brother William II. Puthuf= f ** W. M.. of Scioto Lodge as R.·. W.·. Junior Grand Warden pro tem, in the absence of R.·. W.·. Brother Isaac Van Horne of= the Lodge of Amity at Zanesville. * This name is given as "Steuart," Stuart and Stewart. The name on the Dispensation however is spelled Stuar= t. ** The local roster of Scioto Lodge gives this name as "William Pullhnff." Scioto Lodge was also represented in Grand Lodge by its accredited delegates, Brothers Charles A. Steuart, Henry Brush, and John Woodbridge; the certificate of their appointment with the charter and a c= opy of the bylaws of Scioto Lodge No.2 was submitted to the Grand Lodge throu= gh its Committee on Credentials, and the report of that committee, in recognition of the regularity of the lodge and its representation, was concurred in by the Grand Lodge. A number of the Brethren who were member= s of Scioto Lodge No.2 were also in attendance upon Grand Lodge all Past Maste= rs it that period were considered members of Grand Lodge if present. The Ohio Legislature then and for several years thereafter held its sessions in the town of Chillicothe annually, except for about three years, when they were held in Zanesville. For its greater convenience and many of the members of the Legislature also being members of the Fraternity the Grand Lodge held= its Communications at the same place, which gave the Brethren of Chillicothe = the opportunity of attendance upon Grand Lodge, and many of them were from ti= me to time called upon to fill vacancies occasioned by the non-attendance of Grand Lodge officers. The prestige is given to Scioto Lodge resulted in t= he election of many of its members also to office in Grand Lodge. A somewhat similar state of affairs also occurred with the Brethren of the Lodge of Amity of Zanesville when the Ohio Legislature convened in that pace. At t= he meeting of the Grand Lodge in 1809 Brother Henry Massie was re-elected Gr= and Treasurer; Brother Henry Brush was elected Grand Secretary; Brother John Woodbridge, Grand Marshal; Brother Philemon Beecher, Grand Senior Deacon;= and Brother Peter Spurck, "Grand Steward and Tyler." All were membe= rs of Scioto Lodge. At this session of the Grand Lodge it was voted that a dispensation should be given to each of those lodges surrendering its charter, to be in force until a charter was granted in its stead by the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge of Ohio. Scioto No.2 being one of the number, its dispensation was issued January 26, 1809. At the Annual Communication in 1810 Brother Philemon Beecher of Scioto Lodge was electe= d as Grand Treasurer, superseding Brother Henry Massie of that lodge, and Brot= her Henry Brush of the same lodge was reelected Grand Secretary, and Peter Sp= urek re-elected "Grand Steward and Tiler." In 1811 a petition was presented "from a number of Master Masons in Chillocothe, praying to= be established and chartered (as) a lodge by the name of Chillocothe Lodge;&= quot; on a motion for its reference to a committee, the Grand Lodge record stat= es that "leave was granted to withdraw said petition." No explanat= ions are given in relation thereto and no further mention seems to have been m= ade of the petition in Grand Lodge. In 1812 R.·. W.·. Brother H= enry Brush, for three years Grand Secretary, was elected R.·. W.·= ;. Senior Grand Warden, and Brother Angus Lewis Laugham of Scioto Lodge was elected Grand Secretary. In 1813 M.·. W.·. Brother Henry Br= ush of Scioto Lodge was elected M.·. W.·. Grand Master, and R.·. W.·. Brother Robert Kercheval of the same lodge was elected Grand Secretary. In 1818 the Grand Lodge convened in Columbus in accordance with the vote at its preceding Annual Communication. Neither t= he Grand Master, M.·. W.·. Brother Henry Brush, nor the Grand Secretary, R.·. W.·. Brother Robert Kercheval of No.6, was = in attendance upon Grand Lodge, and Scioto Lodge No.6 was also unrepresented= in Grand Lodge. The Grand Secretary was ordered to "express to the late= Grand Master, M.·. W.·. Brother Henry Brush, the high opinion entertained to the Grand Lodge for his Masonic abilities; and that the grateful thanks of this lodge be tendered to Brother Brush for the able a= nd judicious manner in which he presided over the same." The term of se= rvice as Grand Master of M.·. W.·. Brother Brush extended from 18= 13 to 1818. There seen's to have been no Grand Officer from Scioto No.6 from that period until 1825, when R.·. W.·. Brother George II. Fitzgerald of that lodge was elected Grand Junior Warden. From 1821 to 18= 24, inclusive, Brother Thomas Orr represented the lodge and was prominent on Grand Lodge committees, and in 1826 Brother Moses Levi of No. 6 was elect= ed Grand Senior Deacon. In 1828 Scioto No.6 was again represented by Brothers Thomas Orr, E. King, and J. Ballache. Past Grand Junior Warden R .·= ;. W.·. Brother George R. Fitzgerald of No.6 was also in attendance, = and was elected "Grand Senior Warden." In 1829 R.·. W.&middo= t;. Brother Fitzgerald was not present, but Scioto Lodge No.6 was represented= by the Reverend Brother Pleasant Thurman, who was at that Grand Communication elected Grand Chaplain. In 1833 Scioto was not represented in Grand Lodge= . In 1834 it was represented by Past Grand Master M.·. W.·. Brot= her Henry Brush and Brother W. Y. Emmitt. Although with the exception of but = one year Scioto Lodge was annually represented in Grand Lodge, yet from the reference to a communication from that lodge to the Grand Lodge in the proceeding's of the Annual Communication of 1834 it is inferred that the = war upon Freemasonry had been severely felt in that as in so many other lodge jurisdictions. The following brief mention is all, however, that is conta= ined in the Grand Lodge records in relation thereto: "The committee to wh= om was referred the communication from a convention of Masons at Chillicothe, Ross County, having had the same under consideration respectfully report: That, owing to the situation of the Brethren of Scioto Lodge No.6, your committee think them excusable, inasmuch as that course was considered the best to allay the excitement then existing against Masonry, and so far as= the operations of said lodge were suspended in Consequence of the epidemic cholera, and the appropriation of their hall to the use of a hospital dur= ing that time, your committee think this course highly commendable, and stric= tly in accordance with the benevolent purposes of Masonry; they would therefo= re recommend the adoption of the following resolution: Resolved, That the Brethren of Scioto Lodge No.6 be restored to all their rights and privile= ges, and that they be authorized to resume their Masonic labors, on the said l= odge paying into the hands of the Secretary of the Grand Lodge all arrearages = of dues." In 1835 and 1886 Scioto Lodge was not represented the Grand L= odge. In 1837, however, it was represented by Brother James D. Caldwell of Scio= to No. 6, who at that Grand Communication was elected R.·. W.·. Grand Secretary of the M.·. W.·..Grand Lodge of Ohio, and w= ho was continuously re-elected as such until in 1844, completing a service of ten years. Since that period Scioto No.6 of Chillicothe has had a continu= ed prosperous existence, and on its roster, past and present, among others m= ay be recalled the names of Brothers Philip Klein, Matt. H. Watt, James Gate= s, George D. Martin, Colonel R. H. Lansing, and Eminent Sir Fr. H. Rehwinkel, Grand Commander of Knights Templars of Ohio, of eminent Brethren who have passed over to the beyond; and of the present membership W. Brother Willi= am E. Evans, Grand Recorder of the Grand Council R. & S. M. of Ohio for = many years, is justly entitled to a prominent place in the annals of Ohio Freemasonry. MORNING DAWN LODGE NO. 7, GALLIPOLIS The historical referenc= es to Morning Dawn Lodge in the Proceedings of the M.·. W.·. G= rand Lodge of Ohio and in its early records are of a very meager character, and are the more unsatisfactory on account of the absence of any local histor= y of the lodge, no date whatever in that connection having been furnished the Grand Lodge historian. With this explanation it will be apparent that the history of that lodge herein must of necessity be brief and devoid of many interesting incidents that are usual in the early history of the pioneer Masonic lodges of Ohio and that should be a matter of historical record. = The application for a Dispensation for a lodge in Gallia County was presented= to the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge of Ohio at its Annual Grand Communication in 1810, on the second day of the session, January 3rd. On = the day following, on report and recommendation of the committee to whom it w= as referred, the Grand Lodge granted the petition and ordered that a Dispensation should be issued for the establishment of that Lodge. No cop= y, however, of the Dispensation or of the names of the petitioners is contai= ned in the early Grand Lodge records. At a Special Communication of the Grand Lodge held at Chillicothe, September 3, 1810, Morning Dawn Lodge was represented in Grand Lodge by Brother Robert Safford, proxy. At the Annual Communication of the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge of Ohio in 1811 Morning Dawn Lodge was not represented. At the Annual Grand Communication held January 6, 1812, Morning Dawn Lodge was represented by Brother Natha= niel Gates, proxy. On the third day of that Grand Communication, R.·. W.·. Brother Edward Tupper, the Worshipful Master of Morning Dawn Lodge, was elected Junior Grand Warden by the Grand Lodge. As there is no mention of the installation of the officers at that Grand Communication, = it can not be determined in all cases as to the presence or absence of the officers elect; Brother Tupper, however, was doubtless not in attendance,= as the office to which he had been elected was filled by Brother Charles Smi= th as Junior Grand Warden pro tern. at the session of January 11th of that G= rand Communication. In 1813 Morning Dawn Lodge was represented in Grand Lodge = by Brother Robert Safford, then Senior Warden of Morning Dawn Lodge, and Bro= ther Lewis Summers, proxy. Although Brother Edward W. Tupper was not in attend= ance upon the Grand Lodge in 1813 as its Junior Grand Warden, he was neverthel= ess elected as Senior Grand Warden at its session of the second day on the election of Grand Officers. On the fourth day of that Grand Communication Brother Robert Safford of Morning Dawn Lodge was elected as Grand Lecture= r, an office created at that Annual Meeting. The returns of the subordinate lodges to the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge in 1814 show that the following Brethren were the officers of Morning Dawn Lodge: Edward W. Tup= per, Worshipful Master; Robert Safford, Senior Warden; Nathaniel Gates, Junior Warden; J. P. R. Beaureau, Treasurer; Francis La Clerque, Secretary; John Meeker, Senior Deacon; and Orasha Strong, Junior Deacon. The following Brethren are named in its list of Past Masters: Andrew Lewis, Lewis Summe= rs, Edward Tupper, Nathaniel Gates, and J. P. R. Beaureau. As virtual Past Masters were accorded the rights of actual Past Masters, except that of voting in Grand Lodge, and as actual Past Masters were accorded the rights pertaining to membership in the subordinate lodges upon which they were in attendance, it is often therefore but a matter of conjecture as to the ac= tual status of Brethren named in the list of subordinate lodge Past Masters in early lodge records. At the Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge of Oh= io in 1813 Morning Dawn Lodge was designated as Number 7, a number which wou= ld have seemed to belong rightly to Harmony lodge of Urbana, Dayton, and Springfield in accordance with the order of its permanent establishment. = In 1814 R.·. W.·. Brother Edward W. Tupper was in attendance u= pon the Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge as its Senior Grand Warden. W= ith Brother Lewis Summers he represented Morning Dawn Lodge No.7, and he was again re-elected as Senior Grand Warden. At the Annual Grand Communicatio= n of the Grand lodge in 1815 R.·. W.·. Brother Tupper was in his station as Senior Grand Warden, and at this Communication reported that, owing to the inundations and high waters in Gallia County and the sicknes= s of its officers, Morning Dawn lodge was unable to hold its annual election t= he preceding year. Accordingly a resolution was adopted by the Grand Lodge recognizing R.·. W.·. Brother Tupper, its late Worshipful Master as the representative of Morning Dawn Lodge. In this connection it= is proper to state that from the Grand Lodge records it would seem that Brot= her Tupper was one among the most active and influential members in Grand Lod= ge. In 1817, 1818, and 1819 Morning Dawn Lodge was not represented in Grand Lodge, and again in 1821, 1826, and 1827 it was also not represented. Its representative in later years, including 1828, was Brother George House. Whilst the Grand Lodge record states that Morning Dawn Lodge No.7 "ceased since 1828," it was represented in Grand Lodge in 1829 = by Brother William Fielding, Grand Lecturer and a member of Temperance Lodge No.73. After a period of twenty years a dispensation was granted by M.·. W.·. Brother M. Z. Kreider, Grand Master of Masons in Ohio, on May 7, 1849, for the establishment of a new lodge at Gallipolis Gallia County. Its petitioners were Joseph Drouillard, Peter Chapder, C. Clendenin, Peter H. Stunberger, E. S. Menager, P. Merager, L. W. Langly, Franklin Carel, and Darius Maxon. At the Anna1 Communication of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, had at Steubenville, October 15th to 19th, inclusive, in 1= 849, on the second day of the Communication a charter was granted to "Mor= ning Dawn Lodge at Gallipolis, Gallia County, to be numbered (7)," since which period it has maintained a continued prosperous existence. It now numbers ninety-two resident members and sixty non-resident members. Distinguished among its members may be mentioned Brother George D. McBrid= e, Past Grand High Priest R. A. M. of Ohio, and the late Brother Horace B. Bradbury, Past Grand Commander K. T. of Ohio. HARMONY LODGE NO. 8 This lo= dge was established under a dispensation issued in 1809, as follows: Dispensa= tion issued for Harmony Lodge No.9 at Springfield, Urbana, and Dayton. To all = to whom it may concern: Samuel Huntington, Most Worshipful Grand Master of t= he Right Worshipful Grand Lodge of Ohio, sendeth greetings. Whereas, A petition ha= th been presented to me by Brothers Geo. F. Tennery, Sam'l Shoup, Aaron Caza= d, Ab'm Carey, Isaac Van Duson, H. M. Curry, Jonah Baldwin, John Boardman and Samuel Simonton, all Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, praying that they, with such others as may hereafter join them, may be erected, and constitu= ted a regular lodge of Free and Accepted Masons to be known and called by the name of Harmony Lodge No.9, and praying that a dispensation may be issued= to the said Brethren according to the prayer of their said petition and agreeable to the regulations of said Grand Lodge. Therefore, know ye that= I, the said Samuel Huntington, by virtue of the powers and authorities veste= d in me by the said Grand Lodge, do hereby constitute, authorize, and appoint = our trusty and well beloved Brethren Geo. F. Tennery, to be Master; H. M. Cur= ry, to be Senior Warden, Ab'm Carey, Junior Warden of a lodge to be known by = the name of Harmony Lodge No.9, to be held alternately in the towns of Springfield and Urbana and Dayton, in the Counties of Champaign and Montgomery in the State of Ohio. By these presents granting unto them the said Master, Wardens subordinate officers, and Brethren our full power and authority to admit and make Free Masons according to the most ancient and honorable custom of the Royal Craft in all ages and nations throughout the known world and not contrariwise. To elect and install the officers accor= ding to ancient usage and to make such rules, by-laws, and regulations as they= may deem expedient for the good of the Craft and the government of said lodge contravening none of the ordinances of the Grand. Lodge above said. This dispensation to be in force until a regular warrant or Charter can be made and granted to said Harmony Lodge No.9 by the authority of the said Grand Lodge. Provided always that the Brethren of said Harmony Lodge No.9 shall= pay due respect to the Right Worshipful Grand Lodge of Ohio and the rules and ordinances thereof, otherwise to be of no force and effect. Given under t= he hand of the Most Worshipful Grand Master, countersigned by the Grand Secretary this 24th day of june, A. D. 1809, and of Masonry 5809, and sea= led with his private seal. (Signed) Samuel Huntington, Grand Master. (SEAL.) Henry Brush Grd. Sec'y Among the subordinate lodges held under the auspic= es of the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge of Ohio, the first mention mad= e of an "organized lodge" aside from the six mentioned at the Conven= tion of 1808, is of Harmony Lodge No.9" at the Grand Communication in 181= 0. The Committee on Credentials at the opening of Grand Lodge reporting that "Harmony Lodge No.9" was represented by George F. Tenneny, W. M= .. Hiram Curry, S. W.; and Josiah Baldwin, J. W. It also appears in the reco= rds that the meetings of Harmony Lodge were held alternately at Dayton, Springfield, and Urbana, an arrangement that soon became very unsatisfact= ory to the Brethren. This is stated in the very interesting history of Harmony Lodge written in 1877 by its Secretary, Brother J. S. Parker, and publish= ed by the Lodge, copies of which have now become difficult to obtain. Its republication and the history continued to date should be an early consummation by No.8. The members of Harmony Lodge accordingly in 1810 pe= titioned the Grand Lodge to be divided into two lodges, one to meet at Dayton and Troy, and the other at Urbana and Springfield. Of their petition and the action of the Grand Lodge thereon it is stated in the Grand Lodge records= of the sessions on January 4, 1810, that the committee to whom were referred sundry petitions, beg leave to report "that the petition of sundry Brethren of Harmony Lodge No.9, living near Dayton and Troy, in the count= ies of Montgomery and Miami, and the one from the Brethren living near Springfield and Urbana, in the county of Champaign, are reasonable and ou= ght to be granted." It will be noticed as a singular feature that mentio= n is again made, in the paragraph quoted, of "Harmony Lodge No.9," although there were but six lodges reported at the Convention in 1808, wi= th but five participating in the organization of the Grand Lodge, and but fo= ur of the six lodges in attendance upon Grand Lodge at its first Grand Communication in 1809, and there was no suggestion under consideration in= relation to the formation of new lodges in the printed Proceedings prior to 1809, = if indeed any authority or propriety therefor had been conceded. At the Grand Communication in 1809 dispensations were granted to the four participating lodges, they having surrendered the charters under which they were constituted. American Union No.1 of Marietta was also voted a dispensation upon the surrender of its warrant. At this Meeting of the Grand Lodge no other dispensations are mentioned, except one voted for the establishment= of Mt. Zion Lodge No.7 at Clinton (now Mt. Vernon), but which "was with= held by order of the Most Worshipful Grand Master" and was not operative until in 1810, as inferred from the mention made of it in the Grand Lodge records. The reorganized organized existence of Harmony Lodge is in evide= nce by the section of its Worshipful Master, Brother George F. Tennery, as Gr= and Senior Deacon and Brother Henry Vanmeter as Grand Sword-Bearer at the election of Grand Officers in 1810. Brother Parker states that in the fragmentary early records of Harmony Lodge No.9 he finds that the lodge h= eld a communication "in the Court house in Dayton on the first day of September, 1809," and that a marginal record indicated this as a "third communication of the Lodge." Brother George F. Tennery w= as in attendance as W. M. Brother Parker further states in his history that September 18, 1809, a stated communication was held at Springfield, at the residence of Samuel Simonton, with present George F. Tennery, W. M., and Brothers Samuel Simonton, Samuel McCord, Isaac Vanmeter, James Robinson, Samuel Gibbs, Aaron Cazad, Abel Renick, E. W. Pierce, and William Smith. = At this meeting Isaac Vanmeter was installed Secretary, and Samuel Robinson Treasurer, they having been appointed in the dispensation. The first Maso= nic lodge ever opened in Urbana was at a meeting convened in the Court House,= on the 20th of September, 1809, with George F. Tennery, W. M.; Samuel Simont= on, S. W. pro tem.; Jonah Baldwin, J. W. pro. tem.; Isaac Van Deusen, Secreta= ry, and Samuel Simonton, Treasurer. At this communication E. W. Pierce and Sa= muel Gibbs were raised to the Degree of Master Mason, and David Gwynne received the Degree of Entered Apprentice, all in due and ancient form, after whic= h, in conformity with a custom at that time, they returned and tendered than= ks to the lodge. During the fall and winter of the year 1809 meetings were h= eld alternately in the towns of Urbana, Springfield, and Dayton. Those in Urb= ana were held in the Court House; in Springfield, at Samuel Simonton's reside= nce; and in Dayton, sometimes at the residence of Hugh McCullom, at other time= s in the Court House. At that time it was a very common occurrence for a petit= ion to be presented at a meeting in one town, and ballot had and the degrees conferred in another. As this was a period prior to any such conveniences= as railroads, or even stage coaches, it was quite a labor for the Master to travel from place to place to hold meetings, and in view of which, at a stated communication in Springfield, December 9, 1809, there was a resolu= tion proposed and adopted that Harmony Lodge No.9, F. & A. M., be divided,= and accordingly the warrant was surrendered to the Grand Lodge. Those Brethren residing at and in the vicinity of Urbana and Springfield petitioned the Grand Lodge for a warrant empowering them to hold meetings at Urbana and Springfield alternately, and those Brethren residing near Dayton and Troy likewise petitioned for authority to hold lodge at those places respectiv= ely, the name of their lodge to be St. John. These petitions were accordingly granted by the Grand Lodge when in session January 1 to 5, 1810. In this warrant to Harmony Lodge, Hiram M. Curry was appointed Worshipful Master,= and on the 16th of March following he was duly installed as such. He was therefore the second Master that ever had the honor of presiding over Har= mony Lodge. He was re-elected Master on the 9th of November, 1810, and successively every six months until the grant of a new charter in 1815. During the years of 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814 the Brethren held their meetings alternately in Urbana and Springfield with tolerable regularity,= and had work in conferring degrees at almost every meeting. In 1811 Brother Joseph Vance was made a Mason in Harmony Lodge at Springfield. In 1836 he= was elected Governor of Ohio. He was the grandfather of the Past Commander K.= T. of Ohio, Brother A. F. Vance of Urbana. On December 27, 1811, the record = says that the Brethren met agreeably to an ancient custom to have a procession. After Opening a lodge of F. A., they formed in regular Masonic order and proceeded to the meeting-house, where, after a season of divine worship, = they listened to a very interesting discourse on the subject of Masonry, deliv= ered by their Worshipful Brother H.M. Curry. In 1812, "by order of the Gr= and Lodge the subordinate lodges were re-numbered and Harmony became No.8.&qu= ot; Brother Parker again states that "during the latter part of the year 1814 the Brethren of Harmony Lodge proposed to surrender their charter on account of the inconvenience of holding the lodge alternatly at Urbana and Springfield, and they accordingly petitioned the Grand Lodge for two new charters, one for Harmony No.8, to be held at Urbana, and one for a new l= odge to be held at the town of Springfield. At the next Communication of the G= rand Lodge, held at Chillicothe, January 2 to 6, 1816, our present charter was granted, with Joseph Vance, W. M.; James Robinson, S. W.; and Henry Vanme= ter, J. W. The first meeting held under the present charter was on February 22, 1815, at which time the above named officers were installed by Brother Pa= st Master Curry." December 1, 1819, the bylaws were so amended that an election of officers was held yearly, instead of semi-annually, as previo= usly had been the custom. On the same evening the following resolution was unanimously adopted: Resolved, By this lodge, that agreeable to the recommendation and precedent of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, that no spirituous liquors be used at the time of refreshments in the lod= ge, and at the same time warmly recommend to the members at all times to obse= rve temperance and sobriety, and a zealous attention to Brotherly love and affection. Whatever may have been the errors and faults of individual Mas= ons, still we have the gratifying assurance that Freemasonry as an order has always stood to the front in striving to restrain men from excessive indulgence in their appetites and passions, ever recognizing the truth th= at temperance is the first of the four cardinal virtues. It was formerly the invariable custom for the lodge to regularly celebrate the festival days = of St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist. The order observed on t= hese occasions was for the Brethren to meet at the lodge room, open in the Ent= ered Apprentice Degree, form a procession, and march to the meeting-house, as = it was then termed, and listen to a Masonic discourse by a minister or some Masonic speaker. We find that the Reverend Samuel Hitt, who was not a Mas= on, addressed them on several occasions, for which he was always honored by a vote of thanks by the lodge. After the exercises at the church the next t= hing in order was to repair in a body to the tavern and partake of a dinner or other refreshments. The years from 1828 to 1835 mark an important period = in the history of Harmony Lodge, and also of the Masonic institutions throug= hout the whole country. Up to the year 1833, when it went into a state of total suspension, Harmony Lodge had enjoyed an existence of uninterrupted prosperity for nearly a quarter of a century. During all that time it had been patronized and conducted by the most influential and best men of the community. It being the only secret order in existence in this part of the country at that time, it received the undivided support of all its membership, and there is no doubt but the principles of brotherly love, relief and truth, as taught and practiced by those early Brethren, had a beneficent influence in the community at large. The anti-Masonic war that commenced in the western part of New York in 1828, causing a storm of opposition to all secret societies, soon after made its appearance throug= hout all parts of the United States, more virulent, however, in some localities than in others. Politicians, profiting by the opportunity, made "Anti-Masonry" a popular plea in their race for office, and thr= ough the influence of popular clamor Freemasonry was even denounced from the pulpit as being destructive of good morals and as an enemy of Christianit= y. That its pernicious influence had at this period reached the jurisdiction= of Harmony Lodge is apparent; as in its history Brother Parker states that "many weak-kneed Brethren, hoping to be on the strongest side, fell = in with the popular current and became the most zealous in vilifying the ord= er. Finally the opposition became so intolerant that the Brethren deemed it t= he wiser course to suspend their meetings for a time and allow this spirit of persecution to exhaust itself. And accordingly, without any formal action= of the lodge, the meetings were discontinued, simply by the members absenting themselves, thereby allowing the meetings to go by default for want of a quorum present. The last communication of which there is any record prior= to the suspension was held on the 9th of May, 1833, with but one officer and barely enough Brethren present to open a lodge of Master Masons. There wa= s no business transacted at that meeting except a proposition to amend the byl= aws, the consideration of which was deferred until the next stated communicati= on. Colonel John H. James having been elected Worshipful Master, September 10, 1829, and there having been no subsequent election, "was regarded as nominally the Master until after the restoration of charter in 1838."= ; In 1830 Colonel James was Grand Senior Warden in the Grand Lodge of Ohio. In 1838 R.·. W.·. Brother Samuel Reed, who had been appointed Grand Visitant by the Grand Lodge of Ohio, made an official visit to Urba= na, February 25th, and through his influence, on the 8th of March following, a number of the Brethren of Harmony Lodge met for its reorganization, and "on motion, it was Resolved, That this lodge proceed hereafter the s= ame as if the regular meetings had not been suspended; and that the Secretary inform the Grand Lodge of the determination of the members of this lodge = to continue their regular meetings. They also adopted the same bylaws by whi= ch they had formerly been governed. Thus, after a total suspensation for a period of nearly five years, Harmony Lodge resumed its legal relations wi= th the Grand and subordinate Lodges of the State, and at the same time resto= red all its members to a regular standing in the lodge. The Worshipful Master= s of Harmony Lodge in the first half century of its existence from 1809 to 1859 were Brothers George F. Tennery, Henry M. Curry, Joseph Vance, Samuel McC= ord, Edward Matthews, Henry Bacon, William H. Hopkins, George Fithian, James Cooley, Abram R. Calwell, John Hill, Obed Orr, Edward L. Morgan, Colonel = John H. James, William Hunt, W. F. Mosgrove, William B. Moore, and David M. Fisher. From the period of its reorganization in 1838 to the present time Harmony Lodge No.8 has had a prosperous existence, and among its honored members who have served in its East since the above mentioned period are Brother A. F. Vance, Past Grand Commander of Knights Templars of Ohio, and the Hon. Brother Edwin Hagenbuch, Grand Secretary of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Ohio. It must be borne in mind in considering the ea= rly history of the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge of Ohio and its subordinate lodges, that the words dispensation, warrant, and charter were frequently used indiscriminately, in some cases indeed as synonymous, hen= ce the misapprehension and confusion in obtaining the correct dates of chart= ers issued. In this connection also in the first years of its existence the G= rand Lodge of Ohio was not in possession of the necessary parchment blank charters. In 1810 the Massachusetts form of charter was adopted, but the Grand Lodge records do not state the date when procured or when first officially used. Instead of the actual charter, therefore, a certificate stating the fact that a charter or warrant was granted to the lodge designated upon a date specified therein was given to the lodge or endors= ed on its dispensation. In a copy of nearly all the early charters transcrib= ed, in the only two early manuscript records of the Grand Lodge of Ohio in its archives it is stated that said lodge is to "take rank" from a given date. The form and style of a warrant or charter was deemed of great importance to our early Brethren, and necessarily, therefore, received careful consideration in Grand Lodge. As a copy of the charter granted by= the Grand Lodge of Ohio to its early subordinates is given "ante" in the history of the Lodge of Amity, it may be of interest to the reader to= see the following copy of one of the earliest charters issued by the Grand Lo= dge of Scotland secured through the research of M.·. W.·. Broth= er William J. Hughan of England and published in the London Freemason: Trans= cript of the Warrant of Argyle's Lodge at Glasgow, granted August 6th, 1755: To= All and Sundry To whose knowledge these Presents Shall come GREETING, WHEREAS upon Application to the GRAND LODGE of free and accepted MASONS in SCOTLA= ND by John Colquhoun, James Stobo, Hugh Colquhoun, John Putmur (?), Andrew Turn-bull, Moses Stobo, William Barclay, William Stobo, Robert Finlay, Hu= gh Brenan, James Graham, David Park, William Schaw, Hugh Montgomery, David Smith, Robert Colquhoun, John Warden, James Freeland, John Rankine, Robert Struthers, James Henderson, John Norwall, John Gilmour, Robert Watson, William Anderson, Thomas Lockhart, All free and accepted Masons residing = in and near to the City of Glasgow, PRAYING the GRAND LODGE would be pleased= to authorize their Erection into a regular Lodge under the Title and Designa= tion of ARGYLE'S LODGE. THE GRAND LODGE granted Warrant for Expeding them a written Patent of Constitution and Erection in their favor. KNOW YE THERE= FORE That the most WORSHIPFUL the GRAND MASTER OF SCOTLAND and the Grand Lodge aforesaid HAVE CONSTITUTED, ERECTED AND APPOINTED and hereby CONSTITUTE, ERECT AND APPOINT the Worshipful Brethren above mentioned and their Successors in all time coming to be a true and regular Lodge of Free and accepted Masons under the title and Designation of ARGYLE'S LODGE AND APP= OINT and ORDAIN all regular LODGES in Scotland to hold, own and Respect them as such. Hereby GRANTING and COMMITTING to the Brethren aforesaid and their Successors full power and Authority to Meet, assemble and convene as a regular Lodge and to Enter and receive Apprentices, Pass Fellow Crafts and RAISE MASTER MASON upon payment of such Compositions as they shall think = fit. AND to ELECT and make choice MASTERS, WARDENS and other Officers annually= , or other ways as they shall have occasion RECOMMENDING to the Brethren afore= said to Reverence and obey their Superiors in all things lawful and honest as becomes the Honor and Harmony of Masonry. They by accepting of this prese= nt CHARTER becoming faithfully bound and engaged not to desert the Lodge her= eby Constituted, NOR upon any Pretext whatsoever to make any Schismatical Meetings among themselves without the Consent of their Master and Wardens= at any time NOR to Collect Money or Funds separate from the common STOCK of = the Lodge to the prejudice of the poor thereof. THEY and their Successors in = all times consent and are engaged to obey and pay due Regard to all the Acts, Statutes and Regulations of the Grand Lodge made or to be made for the UTILITY, WELFARE and Prosperity of Masonry in General, And to pay and per= form what-ever is stipulated and demanded of them for the Support of the Digni= ty of the Grand Lodge AND to Record (in the Books of their Lodge) (and they = are hereby appointed to keep this present CHARTER of CONSTITUTION and ERECTIO= N) their own Regulations and Bye-Laws and their whole proceedings (from time= to) time as they shall occur. To the End the same may be the more easily seen= and observed by their Brethren, SUBJECT always to the REVIEW (and control of = the Grand Lodge) AND ALSO the Brethren aforesaid ARE hereby REQUIRED to annua= lly attend the whole GENERAL MEETINGS and Quarterly Communications of the Gra= nd Lodge, their representatives being their Master and Wardens for the time = or by lawful PROXIES in their Names. PROVIDING the said Proxies be Master Ma= sons (and Fellow) Crafts of some established Lodge Owning the Grand Lodge. To = the End they may act and Vote in the Grand Lodge and be duely certiorated of = the proceedings thereof. DECLARING their Precedency in the Grand Lodge to Commence from the date hereof. AND to the Effect these presents may be the more effectually kept and preserved the same are hereby appointed to be recorded in the Books of the Grand Lodge. GIVEN AT the GRAND LODGE held i= n MARY'S CHAPPELL in Edinburgh, the Sixth day of August, One thousand seven hundred and fifty five years by the Right Honorable Most Worshipful JAMES, MASTER= OF FORBES, Grand Master of Scotland, David Dairymple Esquire Deputy Grand Master, George Fraser Esquire, Substitute Grand Master, John Lumisdaine a= nd Alexander Cunnynghame Esquires Grand Wardens AND the SEALL of the Grand L= odge appended hereunto WITNESSING to these presents Alexander McDougal, Grand Secretary and James Alison Grand Clerk. Apud Edinburgum 6th August, 1755. Recorded in the Book of the Grand Lodge and the Seal Appended hereunto by Alexr. McDougall, G. Secretary. Day. Dalrymple, D. G.M. Geo. Fraser, Substitute Grand Master John Lumisdaine, Senior Grand Warden Alexr. Cunaynhame, Junior Grand Warden In resuming the history of the early subordinate lodges of Ohio, a part of the foregoing digression will doubt= less be of special use in accounting for discrepancies in dates, etc. The next lodge in the order of its establishment is MT. ZION LODGE NO. 9 AT MT. VE= RNON Among the earliest subordinate lodges established by the Grand Lodge of O= hio, a dispensation for a lodge at Clinton, Knox County, to be designated as M= t. Zion Lodge, was granted by the Grand Lodge to Samuel H. Smith, Nathan W. Little, Richard Fishback, Alexander Enos, Jr., William Little, Ichabod Ny= e* and Thomas Brown. Signed by Samuel Huntington, Grand Master, and Henry Br= ush, Grand Secretary, and dated January 30, 1809. A footnote in the Grand Lodge Proceedings, however, states that the dispensation "was withheld by order of the Most Worshipful Grand Master until further instruction. * Not the Ichabod Nye of American Union Lodge No. 1. At the Annual Communicatio= n of the Grand Lodge in 1810, at its session on January 5th, the objections we= re declared "to be without foundation," and at the Special Communication of= the Grand Lodge of Ohio held September 3, 1810, a communication was received = from the Reverend R.·. W.·. Brother James Kilbourne, Grand Junior Warden, who was not in attendance, "on the subject of the installati= on of Mt. Zion Lodge and information concerning the Brethren thereof" t= he communication was ordered to be filed with the papers of the Grand Lodge. Whether the "installation" mentioned related to the Institution= of the lodge under its dispensation or the "Constitution" of the l= odge under an ordered Charter is a matter of doubt. At the Annual Communicatio= n of the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge in January, 1811, the Grand Lodge Proceedings stated that "Zion Lodge was represented by its Worshipful Master Brother Samuel 11. Smith." At the Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge in 1812 Mt. Zion Lodge was represented by Brother Alfred Mann= ing, proxy. The first records of Mt. Zion Lodge were apparently kept on loose sheets, on one of which it is stated that: At a regular meeting of Mt. Zi= on Lodge No.7, held in Clinton on Wednesday the 26th of December, 1810, the following members were elected and installed officers of Mt. Zion Lodge f= or the ensuing year: Samuel H. Smith, W. M.; Oliver Strong, S. W.; Winn Wins= hip, Jr., J. W.; Timothy Burr, Secretary; Richard Fishback, Treasurer; Charles Lofland, S. D.; George Downs, J. D.; SamueT Nye, William Bartlett, Stewar= ds; Ichabod Nye, Tyler. Since the installation of the aforesaid lodge the following good and respectable members of society have been initiated into the first degree of Masonry: George Downs, Winn Winship, Jr., William Smi= th, Timothy Burr, Samuel Nyc, Samuel Watson, W. F. Roberts, William Bartlett, John Barney, David Baldwin, Gilman Bryant, James Low, Abner Ayers, John Wheeler, Peter Woolf, and James Miller. The following members have been passed and raised to the sublime Degree of Master Masons: Wiun Winship, J= r., William Smith, George Downs, Samuel Nye, Timothy Burr, and David Baldwin. "Attest: Timothy Burr, Secretary" Among the early papers of Mt. Zion Lodge is also the following copy in part of its first "Annual Returns" to the M.·. W.·. Grand Lodge of Ohio: Return = of Mount Zion Lodge No.7 held at Clinton, in the County of Knox, and State o= f Ohio, on the first Wednesday in each month, from the 25th of June, 1810, to the 26th December, 1810, and 26th December, 1811. Officers: W. Master, Samuel= H. Smith; S. Warden, Oliver Strong; J. Warden, Winn Winship; Secretary P. T., Timothy Burr; Treasurer P. T., Richard Fishback; S. Deacon P. T., Charles Lofland; J. Deacon P. T., George Downs; Stewards P. T., Samuel Nye, Willi= am Bartlett; Tyler P. T., Ichabod Nyc. Past Masters: Samuel H. Smith, Royal = N. Powers, and Nicholas C. Boalse. Master Masons: Fellow Crafts: Daniel Ayer= s, John Haun, Daniel Dimick, Levi Jones. "Entered Apprentices: Peter Kinney, Henry Markley, Jesse Proctor, John Williamson, James Hedges. Initiated in 1810: Winn Winship, Jr., June 25th; William Smith, Sept. 29t= h; George Downs, Sept. 5th; Timothy Burr, Oct. 3rd; Samuel Nyc, Oct. 3rd; William Bartlett, Oct. 17th; Samuel Watson, Oct. 25th; David Baldwin, Nov. 1st; John Barney, Nov. 7th; William F. Roberts, Dec. 5th; Gilman Bryant, = Dec. 15th; James Lowe, Dec. 24th; John Wheeler, Dec. 24th; Abner Ayres, Dec. 2= 4th; Peter Wolf, Dec. 24th. "Initiated in 1811: James Miller, Jan. Qd; Pe= ter Kinney, Feb. 6th; Henry Marklcy, Feb. 6th; Daniel Ayres, Feb. 6th; Charles Barney, Feb. 20th; John Hawn, Feb. 20th; Jesse Procter, March 6th; Amariah Watson, March 6th; Daniel Dimick, May 1st; John Williamson, May 15th; Levi Jones, June 5th; Rufus Crosby, June 10th; Henry Hedges, July 17th." (Repeated again in the list of passed and raised, but omitted herein.) It= is also stated, however, in the "Returns" that the following Breth= ren were admitted and dimitted: Admitted: Nicholas C. Boalse, P. M. M., late = of Petersburg Lodge No.4, State of Virginia, Nov. 7, 1810. Charles Lofland, = M. M. M., late of Union Lodge No. 27, State of Virginia, Sept. 5, 1810. Roya= l N. Powers, P. M. M., late of State of New York, June 19, 1811. Alfred Mannin= g, M. M. M., late of Morning Star Lodge No.27, State of Vermont, Oct. 2, 191= 1. Dimitted: Thomas Brown, August 1, 1810; John Patterson, Nath. W. Little, October 10, 1810; William Smith, Nov. 1, 1810. "Dead: David Baldwin, Dec.26, 1811; Rufus Crosby, Dec. 26, 1811." The reinstated list and = the names of the rejected are omitted, as of no interest herein. The followin= g is a copy of the first "Minutes" legible in the Records of Mt. Zion Lodge at Clinton, furnished for this paper by the Secretary, Brother Samu= el H. Peterman: Clinton, Dec.25, A. D. 1811, A. L. 5811. At the annual communication of Mount Zion Lodge No.7, held in Clinton, Knox County, Sta= te of Ohio, were present: Samuel H. Smith, Master; Oliver Strong, S. Warden; Rufus Crosby, J. Warden P. T.; Richard Fishback, Treasurer; Alfred Mannin= g, Secretary P. T.; Samuel Nye, S. Deacon P. T.; James Miller, J. Deacon P. = T.; Ichabod Nye, Tyler; Nicholas C. Boalse, P. M.; Peter Wolf, Amariah Watson= , Wm. T. Roberts, Stewards. Lodge opened on the first step of Masonry and proce= eded to business. Read the records of the last communication. Passed to the se= cond step, and no business appearing, passed to the third step and read the pa= rt of the bylaws regulating the election of officers. Proceeded to elect and install the officers agreeably to the bylaws. Samuel H. Smith, Master; Al= fred Manning, S. Warden; Ichabod Nye, J. Warden; Samuel Nye, Treasurer; Oliver Strong, Secretary; Wm. F. Roberts, S. Deacon; James Miller, J. Deacon; Wm. Bartlett, Peter Wolf, Stewards; Richard Fishback, Tyler. The above named Brethren were elected and duly invested, except Dr. Bartlett, who was abs= ent. The following Brethren paid their dues by giving their notes or cash to balance their accounts: William Roberts gave his note $9.50 Peter Wolf ga= ve his note $12.50 Amariah Watson gave his note $6.37 ½ and cash $6.25 $12.62 ½ Amariah Watson paid for Abner Ayres, which is in part pay= ment of his account $5.00 Amariah Watson paid for James Hedges, which is in pa= rt payment of his account $8.00 Rufus Crosby paid in cash, and requested and obtained leave to withdraw his membership $16.25 Alfred Manning paid one dollar and fifty cents in advance, which is in full of his monthly dues u= p to December 26th, 1812, A. L 5812 $1.50 "The standing committee of this lodge elected at this time consists of B. Oliver Strong, B. Nicholas C. Boalse, and B. Alfred Manning. Voted that the moneys in the coffers of th= is lodge be delivered to B. Alfred Manning (who is appointed a delegate to represent this lodge in the Grand Lodge of the State of Ohio) for the pur= pose of paying the dues to said Grand Lodge. No more business appearing, the l= odge closed in due form. ALFRED MANNING, Sec. Pro Tern. A correct abstract from the records of Mt. Zion Lodge No.9 F. & A. M., Mount Vernon, Ohio. Attest: SAMUEL H. PETERMAN, Secretary Among the old papers of Mt. Zion Lo= dge the following is of especial interest, as no mention whatever is made of = its change of domicile in the Grand Lodge proceedings: CLINTON, May 8, 1816 Resolved by the Mount Zion Lodge No.9 that we for a long time have labored under a great difficulty on account of the lodge being held in the Town of Clinton, which is every day increasing, and unless the lodge is removed f= rom the aforesaid Town of Clinton it will be attended with the entire destruc= tion of the lodge and having forwarded a resolution to the Grand Lodge last Fa= ll praying the removal of the lodge to the town of Mount Vernon, which was n= ot attended to for the want of the signature of the Master, which was omitte= d in the hurry in making out the returns; "Therefore be it Resolved, That= we request the Most Worshipful Grand Master to grant us the liberty to congregate and work under the charter of Mount Zion Lodge (or otherwise) = in the Town of Mount Vernon, until the sanction of the Grand Lodge can be ha= d to the same." In the following year, 1817, Mt. Zion Lodge was removed to Mt. Vernon, the county seat of Knox County, less than two miles from Clin= ton, the official consent asked for having doubtless been granted. In the Grand Lodge roster of 1819 the location of Mt. Zion Lodge is given as Mt. Verno= n, as always thereafter. The No.7 mentioned in relation to Mt. Zion Lodge was evidently a clerical error in its dispensation, "Morning Dawn Lodge," that preceded Mt. Zion Lodge, having been accorded that numb= er. In 1824 the error was ordered corrected by the Grand Lodge. Although no mention is made in the Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Ohio of a new ch= arter having been granted to Mt. Zion Lodge, yet the charter under which it now works is dated January 14, 1824. In the body of the present charter it is stated: "We do hereby declare the rank and precedence of the said Mt. Zion Lodge, in the Grand Lodge, and elsewhere, to be from the 8th day of January, 1810." The charter begins with this language, "Whereas= , a petition has been presented to the Grand Lodge of Ohio by Mt. Zion Lodge No.9, praying for reasons therein stated a renewal of the charter of said= lodge, which petition has been granted, etc." The proceedings of Mt. Zion L= odge leading up to their "Memorial" to the Grand Lodge are of much interest in this connection; and the language in relation thereto in the certified copy of the "Minutes" of Mt. Zion kindly furnished by= its Secretary, Brother Peterman, is sufficiently conclusive in relation to its original charter as may be noted in the italicized expressions therein. In the record of Mt. Zion Lodge it is stated that: At a meeting of Mt. Zion Lodge, December 27th, 1823, it was Resolved, That our representatives in = the next Grand Lodge be instructed to make application to the same for a new charter for this lodge, which was postponed until the next communication.= At the next communication, held January 2, 1824, we find this language in the minutes: The lodge proceeded to take up the resolution offered by Brother Brown, which was unanimously adopted in the following words, "Wherea= s, through a mistake, the charter formerly granted for this lodge, styles th= is Lodge No.7, and to be held in Clinton, when in truth it should have been No.9, and whereas it became necessary in consequence of subsequent circumstances taking place for the said lodge to hold its stated meetings= and extra communication at Mt. Vernon, and not at Clinton, aforesaid, whereby= an incongruity occurs in the language of said charter and the working of the lodge difficult to be reconciled by a stranger. It is therefore by the lo= dge unanimously Resolved, That our representatives in the next Grand Lodge at= the next Annual Grand Communication be authorized to lay before the same the present papers and documents operating and intending to operate the Chart= er for this Lodge, and that they propose to said Grand Lodge to give up said documents and receive a new charter in which this lodge shall be styled "Mt. Zion Lodge No.9." The above is a correct transcript from t= he original minutes. SAMURL H. PETERMAN, Secretary. MT. ZION LPDGE NO. 9, F. & A. M. Mount Zion Lodge No.9 is especially honored as being one among the number of loyal lodges that maintained a continual working existence throughout the anti-Masonic period of fanatical persecution, regardless of the defection of many other lodges. Many members of Mt. Zion Lodge have received official honors in Grand Lodge. In 1817 one of its subsequent distinguished members, who was also very prominent in the affairs of New England Lodge No. 4, the Reverend Brother and Bishop Philander Chase, the founder of Kenyon College, on request of the Grand Lodge at a Grand Commu= nication held in August, 1817, delivered "a Masonic discourse to the Brethren= of the Grand Lodge." The Grand Lodge was so well pleased with the addre= ss that he was voted fifty dollars "as a testimony of their respect for= the discourse delivered by him." At the same session of the Grand Lodge Bishop Chase was elected as its Grand Chaplain. Among those receiving official honors in the Grand Lodge F. & A. M. of Ohio were the Hon. H= enry B. Curtis, Grand Lecturer; Hosmer Curtis, Grand Junior Warden; Benjamin F. Smith, Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge for seven years and, subsequent= ly, in 1857 elected and installed as M.·. W.·. Grand Master of Masons in Ohio, but removed to the State of Minnesota before completing h= is official term. Brother Smith was also an honored official in the other Masonic Grand Bodies of Ohio. Dr. Jonathan N. Burr, to whose conservative devotion to Masonry Mt. Zion Lodge was much indebted for its early prosperity, was Deputy Grand Master in Grand Lodge and Deputy Grand High Priest in the Grand Chapter R. A. M. of Ohio. Brother Charles Sherman Pyle was Senior Grand Warden, William F. Baldwin, Senior Grand Warden, and Cha= rles F. Baldwin, Junior Grand Warden in the Grand Lodge. In the Grand Chapter = of Ohio, M. F. Comp. Jacob B. Brown was Grand High Priest, and in the Grand Commandery K. T. of Ohio, Brother George W. True was a Deputy Grand Commander. The names of the Worshipful Masters of Mt. Zion Lodge in its f= irst half century were as follows: Brother Samuel H. Smith, Royal N. Powers, Alfred Manning, Alexander Elliott, Royal D. Simonds, Joseph Brown, Hosmer Curtis, Henry B. Curtis, Jess B. Rogers, Calvin Hill, Jonathan N. Burr, William Bevans, B. J. Lewis, Samuel J. Updegraff, Benjamin F. Smith, Jaco= b B. Brown, George W. Stahl, William Dunbar, John Adams, and Charles Sherman P= yle some of them serving for several years. Among its members distinguished as citizens that have passed to the "beyond" may be mentioned the = Hon. Columbus Delano, a member of Congress and a Secretary of the Interior; Colonel W. C. Cooper, alike distinguished as a soldier, lawyer, and membe= r of Congress, the Reverend Dr. Joseph Muenscher, a noted musical authority and writer, and others whose names are not now recalled, but who will doubtle= ss be noted in the future history of Mt. Zion Lodge. Mount Zion Lodge was al= so honored in the membership of Venerable Brother Colonel Alexander Cassil a= nd of their courteous Secretary, Brother Samuel H. Peterman, continuously elected as such since 1881. As to its present prosperity it is sufficient= to say that Mt. Zion Lodge No.9 now has three hundred and twenty-six members= and is a joint owner, with other Masonic bodies, of the handsome Masonic buil= ding in the city of Mt. Vernon.
|
|
![3D"http://www.mastermason.com/newholland392/GildedColumns-1x2ohhistor=](3D"HistoryOfFreemasonryInOhioVol1Part2_files/image001.jpg")
![3D"http://www.mastermason.com/newholland392/GildedColumns-2x2.jpg"](3D"HistoryOfFreemasonryInOhioVol1Part2_files/image002.jpg")
![3D"http://www.mastermason.com/newholland392/scroll.gif"](3D"HistoryOfFreemasonryInOhioVol1Part2_files/image004.jpg")
![3D"http://www.mastermason.com/newholland392/GildedColumns-bar.jpg"](3D"HistoryOfFreemasonryInOhioVol1Part2_files/image005.jpg")